Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability : I. Optimization of flame-ionization detectors with respect to linearity

Abstract The effective linear range of a flame-ionization detector was increased by operating at a higher oxygen hydrogen flow-rate than that required for optimum sensitivity. Evidence of a “superlinear” resposne was seen at even higher hyrogen flow-rates and at high sample loads. Determination of the “grade” of analysis of a mixture which simulated coconut oil methyl esters was shown to be a rapid and simple technique for routinely checking that detector linearity is optimized. Under these conditions, excellent quantitative results were obtained for the mixture over a wide range of analyte concentrations. The value of the Ackman and Sipos theoretical response factor was confirmed.

[1]  J. Bromly,et al.  Nonlinearities in Flame Ionization Detector Response , 1980 .

[2]  H. B. Pierce,et al.  The Velocity of Saponification of Certain Esters by Tenth-normal Potassium Hydroxide in Different Solvents , 1917 .

[3]  L. D. Metcalfe,et al.  The Rapid Preparation of Fatty Acid Esters for Gas Chromatographic Analysis , 1961 .

[4]  E. Caldin,et al.  Equilibrium between Ethoxide and Hydroxide Ions in Ethanol , 1953, Nature.

[5]  S. F. Herb,et al.  How good are analyses of oils by GLC? , 1970 .

[6]  E. E. Reid,et al.  The Influence of Ester Transposition in the Determination of Saponification Numbers , 1920 .

[7]  F. Hougen,et al.  Extraction and methanolysis of oil from whole or crushed rapeseed for fatty acid analysis , 1973 .

[8]  S. F. Herb,et al.  A rapid and quantitative procedure for the preparation of methyl esters of butteroil and other fats , 1968 .

[9]  E. Bitner,et al.  Monitoring of oil composition by an automated system for esterification- GC analysis , 1980 .

[10]  A. T. James,et al.  Gas-liquid partition chromatography: the separation and micro-estimation of volatile fatty acids from formic acid to dodecanoic acid , 1952 .

[11]  J. Craske,et al.  Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability : III. Literature review of and investigations into the development of rapid procedures for the methoxide-catalysed methanolysis of fats and oils , 1982 .

[12]  A. T. James,et al.  Gas-liquid chromatography: the separation and identification of the methyl esters of saturated and unsaturated acids from formic acid to n-octadecanoic acid. , 1956, The Biochemical journal.

[13]  L. Smith QUANTITATIVE FATTY ACID ANALYSIS OF MILK FAT BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY , 1961 .

[14]  C. S. Pederson,et al.  Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids for Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Quantitative Comparison of Methylation Techniques , 1961 .

[15]  Lloyd M. Smith,et al.  The Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Milk Fat I. Methyl Ester Fractionation and Isolation of Monoethenoid Constituents , 1954 .

[16]  R. Glass,et al.  Preparation of Milk Fat Methyl Esters by Alcoholysis in an Essentially Nonalcoholic Solution , 1969 .

[17]  J. Purcell Quantitative capillary gas chromatographic analysis , 1982 .

[18]  J. Craske,et al.  Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability : II. Methylation of fats and oils with boron trifluoride-methanol , 1982 .

[19]  R. Glass,et al.  A method for the differential analysis of mixtures of esterified and free fatty acids , 1969 .

[20]  L. Dugan,et al.  A rapid low temperature method for preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids , 1965 .

[21]  R. G. Ackman,et al.  Application of specific response factors in the gas chromatographic analysis of methyl esters of fatty acids with flame ionization detectors , 1964 .

[22]  B. Craig,et al.  Quantitative fatty acid analysis of vegetable oils by gas-liquid chromatography , 1959 .

[23]  A. J. Sheppard,et al.  Programmed temperature gas chromatographic analysis of esters of fatty acids. , 1975, Journal of chromatographic science.

[24]  W. Jennings Glass Inlet Splitter for Gas Chromatography , 1975 .

[25]  A. Shatkay,et al.  Unrecognized systematic errors in quantitative analysis by gas-liquid chromatography , 1977 .

[26]  W. A. Glasson,et al.  The Kinetics of Simultaneous Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of Esters in Aqueous Alcohol Solutions1 , 1959 .

[27]  I. G. McWilliam A study of the flame ionisation detector , 1970 .

[28]  I. G. McWilliam Linearity and response characteristics of the flame ionisation detector , 1961 .

[29]  F. E. Luddy,et al.  Direct conversion of lipid components to their fatty acid methyl esters , 1960 .

[30]  L. D. Metcalfe,et al.  Rapid Preparation of Fatty Acid Esters from Lipids for Gas Chromatographic Analysis. , 1966 .