Future performance of ground-based and airborne water-vapor differential absorption lidar. I. Overview and theory.

The performance of a future advanced water-vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system is discussed. It is shown that the system has to be a direct-detection system operating in the rhovarsigmatau band of water vapor in the 940-nm wavelength region. The most important features of the DIAL technique are introduced: its clear-air measurement capability, its flexibility, and its simultaneous high resolution and accuracy. It is demonstrated that such a DIAL system can contribute to atmospheric sciences over a large range of scales and over a large variety of humidity conditions. An extended error analysis is performed, and errors (e.g., speckle noise) are included that previously were not been discussed in detail and that become important for certain system designs and measurement conditions. The applicability of the derived equation is investigated by comparisons with real data. Excellent agreement is found.

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