Diagnostic tools for calculation of glaucoma risk.

Risk calculators may simplify the management of ocular hypertension and glaucoma patients and provide evidence-based treatment. Risk calculators are not new to medicine. Medical providers use risk calculators to guide decision-making for the risk of a chromosomal abnormality in neonates, osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, and cardiovascular disease in adults. This article describes the current knowledge of risk calculators in ophthalmology. Clinicians should recognize that the current risk calculators do not include critical information guiding treatment such as life expectancy and patient's willingness to commit to years of eye drops. Overall, eye-care providers should consider the results of a risk calculator as supplemental information when treating an ocular hypertension or glaucoma patient.

[1]  Dong Zhao,et al.  Predictive value for the Chinese population of the Framingham CHD risk assessment tool compared with the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study. , 2004, JAMA.

[2]  M. C. Leske,et al.  Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. , 2007, Ophthalmology.

[3]  G. Cioffi,et al.  The Probability of Glaucoma From Ocular Hypertension Determined by Ophthalmologists in Comparison to a Risk Calculator , 2006, Journal of glaucoma.

[4]  William A. Knaus,et al.  A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. , 1995, JAMA.

[5]  R. D'Agostino,et al.  Validated prediction model for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in individuals with ocular hypertension. , 2007, Ophthalmology.

[6]  David W. Hosmer,et al.  Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data , 2008 .

[7]  J. Crowston,et al.  Validation of a predictive model to estimate the risk of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma. , 2005, Archives of ophthalmology.

[8]  J. Beiser,et al.  Baseline risk factors for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. , 2004, American journal of ophthalmology.

[9]  Anders Heijl,et al.  Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment: the early manifest glaucoma trial. , 2003, Archives of ophthalmology.

[10]  D. Levy,et al.  Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. , 1998, Circulation.

[11]  J Katz,et al.  A population-based evaluation of glaucoma screening: the Baltimore Eye Survey. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.

[12]  Douglas R. Anderson,et al.  Management of ocular hypertension: a cost-effectiveness approach from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. , 2006, American journal of ophthalmology.

[13]  A Heijl,et al.  Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial: design and baseline data. , 1999, Ophthalmology.