12 – Intermetallics for hydrogen storage

Publisher Summary Metal hydrides are important energy storage materials. In recent years, the hydrides have been classified into three main categories: (1) classical metal hydrides, (2) chemical hydrides, and (3) light metal complex hydrides. This chapter focuses on the classical metal hydrides their thermal, cyclic hydrogen charge–discharge behavior, and methodology of intrinsic and extrinsic testing to test long-term durability of the alloys, from a metallurgical engineer's perspective. The classical metal hydrides may be further classified as (1) elemental hydrides, such as vanadium or magnesium hydrides, (2) intermetallic hydrides, such as heavy metal hydrides AB5 (for example: LaNi5, AB2 (ZrFe2), AB (FeTi) alloy, and (3) amorphous hydrides, which are generally evolved from crystalline hydrides at higher temperatures and pressures (for example: GdFe2). The chapter summarizes the important contributions on the AB5/AB and elemental hydrides, emphasizes on the examples of microalloying in LaNi5- and FeTi-based intermetallic hydrides, and discusses elemental hydrides. It presents the classification of testing methods for durability of alloys/intermetallics and reports examples of intrinsic and extrinsic tests that include cycling and aging for AB5/AB and other alloys and more recent results on extrinsic tests on lightweight complex hydrides (imide-amide) that were cycled between Li2NH/LiNH2 phases. In general, a reasonable amount of intrinsic data is available, but extrinsic data are lacking; more research is needed for the hydrides to be used in practical applications.

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