Influence of composition on the biological activity of pectic polysaccharides from leek

Water-soluble and acid-soluble pectic polysaccharides with significant immunostimulating activity were isolated from alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS) of leek. Pectic polysaccharides characterized with high anhydrouronic acid content and common pectic sugars – L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, and Lrhamnose. It was accomplished that D-galactose content was the highest, which allowed the assumption that pectin sugar side chains were from galactan type. Enzyme modification of acid-extracted pectin was realized. Different pectindegrading enzymes were used. The first modified pectic fraction, obtained after endopolygalacturonase action and alcohol precipitation contained rhamnogalacturonan I and had high D-galactose content. The second fraction obtained from the first, after β-galactosidase treatment characterized with low Dgalactose content. Probably this was result from β-galactosidase hydrolysis of pectin side chains. It was proved by the action of β-galactosidase that galactan side chains were mainly composed of β-(1→4)-linked D-galactose. It was accomplished that rhamnogalacturonan I had higher immunostimulating activity than the initial pectic polysaccharide, which confirmed the statement that pectin hairy regions were responsible for the biological activity. The second fraction had lower D-galactose content and lower activity than the first. Probably galactan side chains were responsible for the immunostimulating activity.

[1]  M. Kratchanova,et al.  Composition and properties of biologically active pectic polysaccharides from leek (Allium porrum). , 2010, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[2]  A. Voragen,et al.  Okra pectin contains an unusual substitution of its rhamnosyl residues with acetyl and alpha-linked galactosyl groups. , 2009, Carbohydrate research.

[3]  R. Visser,et al.  Pectins and pectinases , 2009 .

[4]  A. Voragen,et al.  Revealing pectin's structure , 2009 .

[5]  M. Kratchanova,et al.  Characteristics of pectic polysaccharides from leek obtained through consecutive extraction with various reaction agents , 2008 .

[6]  H. Kiyohara,et al.  4.34 – Immunomodulating Activity of Plant Polysaccharide Structures , 2007 .

[7]  Glyn O. Phillips,et al.  Food Polysaccharides and Their Applications , 2006 .

[8]  B. Paulsen,et al.  Bioactive pectic polysaccharides , 2005 .

[9]  J. Visser,et al.  Enzymes Releasing L-Arabinose and D-Galactose from the Side Chains of Pectin , 2002 .

[10]  Alphons G. J. Voragen,et al.  Handbook of Food Enzymology , 2002 .

[11]  M. Yaneva,et al.  Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of Aronia in combination with apple pectin in patients with breast cancer undergoing postoperative radiation therapy. , 2002, Folia medica.

[12]  B. Ridley,et al.  Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling. , 2001, Phytochemistry.

[13]  A. Voragen,et al.  Chemistry and enzymology of pectins , 2001 .

[14]  A. Darvill,et al.  Pectic Substances , 2001 .

[15]  P. Albersheim,et al.  Structural characterization of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II: evidence for the backbone location of the aceric acid-containing oligoglycosyl side chain. , 2000, Carbohydrate research.

[16]  P. Pellerin,et al.  The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer decreases intestinal absorption and tissue accumulation of lead in rats. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[17]  A. Lorenz,et al.  Unsaturated oligogalacturonic acids are generated by in vitro treatment of pectin with human faecal flora. , 1998, Carbohydrate research.

[18]  윤현수,et al.  생쥐자궁의 β-galactosidase의 발현 , 1998 .

[19]  M. Kratchanova,et al.  Application of granulated apple pectin in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia I. Deriving the regression equation to describe the changes , 1997 .

[20]  B. Paulsen,et al.  Characterization of a biologically active pectin from Plantago major L. , 1996 .

[21]  A. Voragen,et al.  An hypothesis: the same six polysaccharides are components of the primary cell walls of all higher plants. , 1996 .

[22]  H. Yamada.  Contribution of pectins on health care , 1996 .

[23]  C. Renard,et al.  Studies of the length of homogalacturonic regions in pectins by acid hydrolysis , 1993 .

[24]  N. Carpita,et al.  Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth. , 1993, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[25]  J. Thibault,et al.  Assessment of methanolysis for the determination of sugars in pectins , 1990 .

[26]  J. Cyong,et al.  Structure and anti-complementary activity of pectic polysaccharides isolated from the root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa. , 1988, Carbohydrate research.

[27]  P. Albersheim,et al.  Treatment of rhamnogalacturonan I with lithium in ethylenediamine , 1987 .

[28]  P. Albersheim,et al.  Structure of Plant Cell Walls : XIX. Isolation and Characterization of Wall Polysaccharides from Suspension-Cultured Douglas Fir Cells. , 1987, Plant physiology.

[29]  T. Hockaday.  High-carbohydrate and fibre diets in the treatment of diabetes. , 1987, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement.

[30]  H. van Dijk,et al.  Microassay for colorimetric estimation of complement activity in guinea pig, human and mouse serum. , 1983, Journal of immunological methods.

[31]  D. Shannon.  A semi-automated method for the determination of the available carbohydrate content of poultry feeds , 1972 .

[32]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[33]  P. Albersheim,et al.  Structure of Plant Cell Wails , 2005 .