Energy and Spectral Efficiency of Cellular Networks With Discontinuous Transmission

Cell discontinuous transmission (DTX) has been proposed as a solution to reduce the energy consumption of cellular networks. This paper investigates the impact of network traffic load on the spectral and energy efficiency of cellular networks with DTX. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distribution as a function of traffic load is derived first. Then, the sufficient condition for ignoring thermal noise and simplifying the SINR distribution is investigated. Based on the simplified SINR distribution, the network spectral and energy efficiency as functions of network traffic load are derived. It is shown that the network spectral efficiency increases monotonically in traffic load, while the optimal network energy efficiency depends on the ratio of the sleep-mode power consumption to the active-mode power consumption of base stations. If the ratio is larger than a certain threshold, the network energy efficiency increases monotonically with network traffic load and is maximized when the network is fully loaded. Otherwise, the network energy efficiency first increases and then decreases in network traffic load. The optimal load can be identified with a binary search algorithm. The power ratio threshold depends solely on the path loss exponent $\alpha$ , e.g., 56% for $\alpha = 4$ . All these analytic results are further validated by the numerical simulations.