The United States

This chapter looks at how the United States of America is adapting its intellectual property rights (IPR) system to the challenges and opportunities presented by fast moving industries such as biotechnology and information technology. Analysis of the implications of the latest US Supreme Court decisions is presented alongside a study of the day-to-day issues faced by SME technology firms and practical recommendations for both policy makers and practitioners. In-depth case studies sourced directly from interviews with top executives offer a compelling insight into how SMEs structure their operations to identify, protect and defend IPRs with limited resources in an increasingly global marketplace. Results from a survey across multiple industries provide a snapshot of the IPR practices of SMEs, re-enforce the case for key policy enhancements and reveal some unexpected trends such as the increasing use of open source innovation in the biomedical field. Country: United States [1] LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264118263-8-en Knowledge Type: Country report [2] Other Tag: enforcement [3] patent offices [4] inventor [5] patent applications [6] litigation [7] trade secrets [8] patent examiner [9] open-source [10] biotechnology [11] creative industries [12] trademarks [13] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264118263-en [14]

[1]  T. Metcalf Imperial Connections , 2019 .

[2]  T. Murphy Language, Ethnicity, and Region: Rome and the Struggle for Dominance of the Canadian Catholic Church, 1785–1930 , 2018, Rome and Irish Catholicism in the Atlantic World, 1622–1908.

[3]  P. Mannion A Land of Dreams , 2018 .

[4]  J. O'malley Vatican I , 2018 .

[5]  Jaynie Anderson Visible and invisible: Jacques Stella in Melbourne , 2016 .

[6]  Eileen P. Sullivan The Shamrock and the Cross: Irish American Novelists Shape American Catholicism , 2016 .

[7]  P. Thornton,et al.  Marrying ‘the Other’: Trends and Determinants of Culturally Mixed Marriages in Québec, 1880–1940 , 2015 .

[8]  Cian T. Mcmahon Global Dimensions of Irish Identity: Race, Nation, and the Popular Press, 1840-1880 , 2015 .

[9]  D. Stoneman Richard Bourke: For the Honour of God and the Good of Man , 2014 .

[10]  R. Marsala Catholics in the Irish Parliament: Daniel O'Connell and his influence in Italy , 2014 .

[11]  Mark McGowan “Pregnant with Perils”: Canadian Catholicism and Its Relation to the Catholic Churches of Newfoundland, 1840-1949 , 2013 .

[12]  T. Ballantyne Webs of Empire: Locating New Zealand's Colonial Past , 2013 .

[13]  J. Luttrell “Australianizing” the Local Catholic Church: Polding to Gilroy , 2012 .

[14]  S. Murphy,et al.  Sport and Performance Psychology: A Look Ahead , 2012 .

[15]  Alan S. Kornspan History of sport and performance psychology , 2012 .

[16]  C. Wrisberg,et al.  NCAA Division I Administrators' Perceptions of the Benefits of Sport Psychology Services and Possible Roles for a Consultant , 2012 .

[17]  S. Brosnahan Being Scottish in an Irish Catholic Church in a Scottish Presbyterian Settlement: Otago's Scottish Catholics, 1848–1895 , 2012 .

[18]  C. Wrisberg,et al.  An Overview and Critique of NCAA Policy Regarding the Use of Sport Psychology Consultants at the Division I Level , 2011 .

[19]  Z. Xue Preface , 2011 .

[20]  M. Hearn Containing “Contamination”: Cardinal Moran and Fin de Siècle Australian National Identity, 1888–1911 , 2010 .

[21]  Gavin Brown “The Evil State of Tepidity”: Mass‐Going and Absenteeism in Nineteenth‐Century Australian Ecclesiastical Discourse* , 2009 .

[22]  C. Dowd Rome in Australia: The Papacy and Conflict in the Australian Catholic Missions, 1834-1884 , 2008 .

[23]  C. Barr ‘Imperium in Imperio': Irish Episcopal Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century , 2008 .

[24]  A. E. Cahill Catholicism and Socialism—The 1905 Controversy in Australia , 2007 .

[25]  H. Carey Introduction: Remembering the Religious History of A. E. (Tony) Cahill (1933–2004) and Patrick O’Farrell (1933–2003) , 2007 .

[26]  J. Ridden The Forgotten History of the Protestant Crusade: Religious Liberalism in Ireland1 , 2007 .

[27]  Edmund Campion Patrick O’Farrell: An Expanded Memory , 2007 .

[28]  R. Cox,et al.  Athlete-Counseling Competencies for U.S. Psychologists Working With Athletes , 2005 .

[29]  J. Bannister Whigs and Nationalists: The Legacy of Judge Prowse's History of Newfoundland , 2002 .

[30]  D. Gould Moving Beyond the Psychology of Athletic Excellence , 2002 .

[31]  J. A. Walsh,et al.  Student-Athlete Preferences in Seeking Help When Confronted with Sport Performance Problems , 2001 .

[32]  C. Andreassi "The Cunning Leader of a Dangerous Clique"?: The Burtsell Affair and Archbishop Michael Augustine Corrigan , 2000 .

[33]  S. Danish,et al.  Putting the accreditation cart before the aaasp horse: A reply to silva, conroy and zizzi , 1999 .

[34]  D. Conroy,et al.  Critical issues confronting the advancement of applied sport psychology , 1999 .

[35]  M. Andersen,et al.  Supervision in the education and training of sport psychology service providers. , 1996 .

[36]  D. Landers Sport Psychology: The Formative Years, 1950–1980 , 1995 .

[37]  D. Gould,et al.  Sport Psychology: The Griffith Era, 1920–1940 , 1995 .

[38]  D. Gill Women's place in the history of sport psychology. , 1995 .

[39]  Jim Taylor A Conceptual Model for Integrating Athletes’ Needs and Sport Demands in the Development of Competitive Mental Preparation Strategies , 1995 .

[40]  Jean M. Williams Applied sport psychology: Goals, issues, and challenges , 1995 .

[41]  Jim Taylor Examining the boundaries of sport science and psychology trained practitioners in applied sport psychology: Title usage and area of competence , 1994 .

[42]  M. Anshel Against the Certification of Sport Psychology Consultants: A Response to Zaichkowsky and Perna , 1993 .

[43]  D. Burton,et al.  Goal Setting in Competitive Sport: An Exploratory Investigation of Practices of Collegiate Athletes , 1993 .

[44]  A. Carron The Coleman Roberts Griffith Address: Toward the Integration of Theory, Research, and Practice in Sport Psychology , 1993 .

[45]  R. Weinberg,et al.  Goal Setting in Sport and Exercise: A Reaction to Locke , 1993 .

[46]  A. Petitpas,et al.  A Developmental-Educational Intervention Model of Sport Psychology , 1992 .

[47]  M. Anshel The Case against the Certification of Sport Psychologists: In Search of the Phantom Expert , 1992 .

[48]  F. Perna,et al.  Certification of Consultants in Sport Psychology: A Rebuttal to Anshel , 1992 .

[49]  John M. Silva On advancement: An editorial , 1992 .

[50]  William B. Strean,et al.  Future Directions in Applied Sport Psychology Research , 1992 .

[51]  E. A. Locke Problems With Goal-Setting Research in Sports—and Their Solution , 1991 .

[52]  J. West,et al.  A Theoretical Paradigm for Performance Enhancement: The Multimodal Approach , 1991 .

[53]  F. Gardner Professionalization of Sport Psychology: A Reply to Silva , 1991 .

[54]  P. O’farrell Vanished Kingdoms: Irish in Australia and New Zealand - A Personal Excursion , 1990 .

[55]  D. Gould Aaasp: A vision for the 1990’s , 1990 .

[56]  R. Perin Rome in Canada: The Vatican and Canadian Affairs in the Late Victorian Age , 1990 .

[57]  A. Leunes,et al.  Sport Psychology as Viewed by Chairpersons of APA-Approved Clinical Psychology Programs , 1990 .

[58]  John M. Silva Toward the Professionalization of Sport Psychology , 1989 .

[59]  B. Ogilvie Applied sport psychology: Reflections on the future , 1989 .

[60]  W. Rejeski,et al.  Defining the Boundaries of Sport Psychology , 1988 .

[61]  Bob LaRose What Can the Sport Psychology Consultant Learn from the Educational Consultant , 1988 .

[62]  D. Landers,et al.  Sport Psychology Service Delivery: Implementation Within the University Community , 1987 .

[63]  S. Boutcher,et al.  A Psychological Skills Educational Program for Closed-Skill Performance Enhancement , 1987 .

[64]  K. Clarke The USOC Sports Psychology Registry: A Clarification , 1984 .

[65]  S. Heyman The Development of Models for Sport Psychology: Examining the USOC Guidelines , 1984 .

[66]  R. Dishman Identity Crises in North American Sport Psychology: Academics in Professional Issues , 1983 .

[67]  D. Landers Whatever Happened to Theory Testing In Sport Psychology , 1983 .

[68]  J. M. Brown Are Sport Psychologists Really Psychologists , 1982 .

[69]  S. Heyman A Reaction to Danish and Hale: A Minority Report , 1982 .

[70]  D. Feltz,et al.  A Rebuttal to Danish and Hale: A Committee Report , 1982 .

[71]  Jerry R. Thomas Half a Cheer for Rainer and Daryl , 1980 .

[72]  R. M. Nideffer,et al.  The Future of Applied Sport Psychology , 1980 .

[73]  R. Park The research quarterly and its antecedents. , 1980, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[74]  D. Feltz,et al.  The Professionalization of Sport Psychology: Legal Considerations , 1979 .

[75]  G. Koocher Credentialing in psychology: Close encounters with competence? , 1979 .

[76]  R. Martens About Smocks and Jocks , 1979 .

[77]  D. Landers Sport Psychology Today , 1979 .

[78]  P. Crunican Priests and Politicians: Manitoba Schools and the Election of 1896 , 1974 .

[79]  Walter Phillips Australian Catholic historiography: Some recent issues , 1971 .

[80]  J. Muir The English-Speaking Catholic Church in Canada in the Nineteenth Century , 1970, Historical Papers.

[81]  H. Laracy Bishop Moran: Irish Politics and Catholicism in New Zealand , 1970 .

[82]  Gertrude E. Gunn The Political History of Newfoundland, 1832-1864 , 1966 .

[83]  R. P. Davis Sir Robert Stout and the Irish question, 1879–1921 , 1966 .

[84]  F. M. Henry Physical Education: An Academic Discipline , 1964 .

[85]  F. F. Thompson The French Shore Problem in Newfoundland: An Imperial Study , 1961 .

[86]  K. Inglis Catholic historiography in Australia , 1958 .

[87]  Nova Scotia,et al.  A SCOTTISH BISHOP IN NEW SCOTLAND , 1955 .

[88]  John M. Vella Newman’s Early Roman Catholic Legacy 1845-1854 , 2020 .

[89]  A. O’Connor Translation and Language in Nineteenth-Century Ireland , 2017 .

[90]  K. Sawanyawisuth Response. , 2014, Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.

[91]  Ghery S. Pettit,et al.  President's message , 2013, IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine.

[92]  I. Derweesh,et al.  Editorial comment. , 2013, Urology.

[93]  E. MacDonald Who’s Afraid of the Fenians? The Fenian Scare on Prince Edward Island, 1865-1867 , 2009 .

[94]  Heidi Macdonald Developing a strong Roman Catholic social order in late nineteenth-century Prince Edward Island , 2003 .

[95]  R. Swoap A history of Division 47 (Exercise and Sport Psychology). , 1999 .

[96]  P. Denis The Dominican Friars in Southern Africa , 1998 .

[97]  G. Campanini Antonio Rosmini and representative institutions , 1997 .

[98]  D. Siedentop Two Cheers for Rainer , 1980 .

[99]  S. Noel Politics in Newfoundland , 1971 .

[100]  M. McCabe Presidential address. , 1970, Irish nurses' journal.

[101]  J. St Germaine Presidential message. , 1969, Proceedings and papers of the annual conference of the California Mosquito Control Association, inc.

[102]  B. Ogilvie Problem Athletes and How to Handle Them , 1966 .

[103]  Muriel Kinnear The Trappist Monks at Tracadie, Nova Scotia , 1930 .