Optical Properties of Boundary Layer Aerosols From High Spectral Resolution Lidar Measurements in a Polluted Urban Environment (Seoul, Korea)

Continuous measurements of aerosol extinction coefficient (σext) from the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) in Seoul from 2016 to 2018 were used to investigate the diurnal variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD). Nighttime AOD displayed a larger mean and standard deviation (0.45 ± 0.47) than daytime (0.40 ± 0.29). Hygroscopic growth of aerosols under humid conditions was a key factor in the relative enhancement of nighttime AOD. Taking advantage of the HSRL's vertically resolved measurements, the contribution of aerosols within the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) to AOD and its temporal variation were investigated. Unlike the diurnal AOD variation, AOD within the BL (AODBL) showed similar diurnal variations with the mixing layer height (MLH), displaying lower nighttime values with a peak around 14–15 local standard time. However, the low correlation between MLH and AODBL (R2 = 0.06) implied that MLH was not the sole deterministic factor of AODBL. A larger AOD of FT aerosols (AODFT) was observed during spring due to frequent elevated dust layers. Using mean σext within the BL and surface PM10 concentrations, the mass extinction efficiency (MEE) of aerosols in Seoul was estimated. The PM10 MEE showed a mean of 5.40 g m−2 and displayed significant variability by PM2.5 to PM10 ratio, season, and ambient relative humidity. The uncertainty of estimated surface PM10 concentrations was minimized when the seasonality and humidity factor in MEE were taken into account (the normalized mean bias decreased from 10.6%, using a single MEE value, to 6.2%).

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