Reducing energy usage in drive storage clusters through intelligent allocation of incoming commands

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsEnergy usage within data storage drives is minimised by optimising how workloads are assigned to individual drives.One of the first papers to use actual power consumption values from a drive storage cluster.Highlights a new method for even larger energy savings by showing how drives could be put into lower power states without affecting performance. Although significant research has been undertaken to reduce high level energy consumption in a data centre, there has been very little focus on reducing storage drive energy consumption via the intelligent allocation of workload commands at the file system level. This paper presents a method for optimising drive energy consumption within a custom built storage cluster containing multiple drives, using multi-objective goal attainment optimization. Significantly, the model developed was based on actual power consumption values (from current/voltage sensors on the drives themselves), which is rare in this field.The results showed that command energy savings of up to 87% (17% overall energy) could be made by optimising the allocation of incoming commands for execution to drives within a storage cluster for different workloads. More significantly, the transparency of the method meant that it showed exactly how such savings could be made and on which drives. It also highlighted that whilst it is well known that solid state drives use less energy than traditional hard disk drives, the difference is not consistent for different sizes of data transfers. It is far larger for small data transfers (less than or equal to 4kB) and our algorithm utilised this.Significantly, it highlights how much larger energy savings can be made through using the optimisation results to show which drives can be safely put into a low power state without affecting storage cluster performance.