Climate and the Destination Choice of German Tourists

The attractiveness of a tourist destination is partly dependent on its environmental and climatic resource base. Climate change can be expected to have an effect on this attractiveness and will subsequently alter patterns of demand. An application of the pooled travel cost model using survey data on the destination choices of German tourists is presented in this study. Data on the climate, beach length and indicators of cultural, natural resource and economic attractiveness of the destination countries are used in the regression analysis. Optimal climate values were calculated and a climate index was used to examine the change in climatic attractiveness under an arbitrary scenario of climate change. It was found that, for European countries during the summer months, there would be an increase in attractiveness. However, the northern European countries become relatively more attractive closing the gap on the currently popular southern European countries.

[1]  Yangzhou Hu,et al.  Measuring Destination Attractiveness: A Contextual Approach , 1993 .

[2]  C. McDonald,et al.  Motivational Determinates Of International Pleasure Time , 1990 .

[3]  Francesco Pigliaru,et al.  How Fast are the Tourism Countries Growing? The Cross-Country Evidence , 2003 .

[4]  R. Tol.  Emission abatement versus development as strategies to reduce vulnerability to climate change: an application of FUND , 2005, Environment and Development Economics.

[5]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  On National and International Trade in Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits , 2002 .

[6]  Clive Morley,et al.  A microeconomic theory of international tourism demand , 1992 .

[7]  Benoit Morel,et al.  Technology Development And Diffusion And Incentives To Abate Greenhouse Gas Emissions , 2001 .

[8]  I. Yetkiner,et al.  A SHORT NOTE ON THE SOLUTION PROCEDURE OF BARRO AND SALA-I-MARTIN FOR RESTORING CONSTANCY CONDITIONS , 2003 .

[9]  Alberto Petrucci,et al.  Taxing Land Rent in an Open Economy , 2003 .

[10]  Adriaan van Zon,et al.  The cyclical advancement of drastic technologies , 2002 .

[11]  Claudia Kemfert,et al.  Games of Climate Change with International Trade , 2004 .

[12]  T. D. Mitchell,et al.  Climate data for political areas , 2002 .

[13]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  Implications of a Carbon-Based Energy Tax for U.S. Agriculture , 2005, Agricultural and Resource Economics Review.

[14]  Morris B. Holbrook,et al.  Physioeconomics: The Basis for Long-Run Economic Growth , 2002 .

[15]  Wietze Lise,et al.  Impact of climate on tourism demand , 2000 .

[16]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Technology protocols for climate change: an application of fund , 2002 .

[17]  Stowe Shoemaker,et al.  Segmenting the U.S. Travel Market According to Benefits Realized , 1994 .

[18]  Robert J. Nicholls,et al.  The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of climate change , 1996 .

[19]  Daniel Scott,et al.  Using a ‘ tourism climate index ’ to examine the implications of climate change for climate as a tourism resource , 2002 .

[20]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  How much damage will climate change do? Recent estimates , 2000 .

[21]  Reinhard Selten,et al.  Social Conformity in Games with Many Players , 2003 .

[22]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[23]  David Maddison,et al.  Climate and Happiness , 2005 .

[24]  Maren A. Lau.  Coastal Zone Management in the People’s Republic of China: A Unique Approach? , 2003 .

[25]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  How large Is the uncertainty about climate change , 2000 .

[26]  H. M. Yildiz.  National Versus International Mergers and Trade Liberalization , 2003 .

[27]  Gary Yohe,et al.  moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity , 2002 .

[28]  M. Utku Ünver,et al.  Credible Group Stability in Multi-Partner Matching Problems , 2004 .

[29]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Liability And Compensation For Climate Change Damages – A Legal And Economic Assessment , 2001 .

[30]  T. D. Mitchell,et al.  A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: the observed record (1901-2000) and 16 scenarios (2001-2100). , 2004 .

[31]  Peter Link,et al.  Auswirkungen populationsdynamischer Veränderungen in Fischbeständen auf die Fischereiwirtschaft in der Barentssee , 2003 .

[32]  M. Lohmann.  Coastal resorts and climate change , 2002 .

[33]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  THE MARGINAL COSTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS : AN ASSESSMENT OF THE UNCERTAINTIES , 2003 .

[34]  Andreas Papatheodorou,et al.  WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL TO DIFFERENT PLACES , 2001 .

[35]  R. Moss,et al.  The regional impacts of climate change : an assessment of vulnerability , 1997 .

[36]  A. Perry.  Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism in the Mediterranean: Adaptive Responses , 2000 .

[37]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  PROGRESS IN ESTIMATING THE MARGINAL COSTS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS , 2001 .

[38]  Richard S. J. Tol,et al.  Equity, international trade and climate policy , 2002 .

[39]  I. Hakan Yetkiner,et al.  IS THERE AN INDISPENSABLE ROLE FOR GOVERNMENT DURING RECOVERY FROM AN EARTHQUAKE? A THEORETICAL ELABORATION , 2003 .

[40]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  MEASURING ABATEMENT POTENTIALS WHEN MULTIPLE CHANGE IS PRESENT: THE CASE OF GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION IN U.S. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY , 2002 .

[41]  C. Carraro,et al.  Endogenous Minimum Participation in International Environmental Treaties , 2003 .

[42]  R. Tol,et al.  Implications of desalination for water resources in China — an economic perspective , 2004 .

[43]  J. Palutikof,et al.  Climate change 2007 : impacts, adaptation and vulnerability , 2001 .

[44]  David Maddison,et al.  In Search of Warmer Climates? The Impact of Climate Change on Flows of British Tourists , 2001 .

[45]  Maren A. Lau,et al.  Coastal Zone Management in the People ’ s Republic of China – An Assessment of Structural Impacts on Decision-making Processes , 2003 .

[46]  P. Jones,et al.  Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology , 1999 .