The GN Model of Non-Linear Propagation in Uncompensated Coherent Optical Systems

This paper is devoted to an in-depth discussion of the Gaussian Noise (GN) model which describes non-linear propagation in uncompensated coherent transmission systems. Similar models and validation efforts are reviewed. Then, the main equations of the GN model are introduced. An intuitive physical interpretation of the equations and their features is proposed. The main characteristics of the non-linear interference (NLI) noise spectra that the GN model produces are discussed. To ease model exploitation, a new formulation in hyperbolic coordinates is proposed, which makes numerical integration faster. New approximate closed-form solutions are also provided. An extension of the GN model to distributed-amplification scenarios is introduced. NLI noise accumulation versus distance and bandwidth are studied in depth. Finally, the GN model implications as to system and networks design and optimization are discussed.

[1]  K. Inoue,et al.  Fiber four-wave mixing in multi-amplifier systems with nonuniform chromatic dispersion , 1995 .

[2]  P. Bayvel,et al.  Modeling of four-wave mixing and gain peaking in amplified WDM optical communication systems and networks , 1996 .

[3]  M. Brandt-Pearce,et al.  Volterra series transfer function of single-mode fibers , 1997 .

[4]  Stephen R. Chinn,et al.  Analysis of counter-pumped small-signal fibre Raman amplifiers , 1997 .

[5]  A. Mecozzi,et al.  Analysis of intrachannel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[6]  M. Shtaif,et al.  System impact of intra-channel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  Jau Tang.  The channel capacity of a multispan DWDM system employing dispersive nonlinear optical fibers and an ideal coherent optical receiver , 2002 .

[8]  H. Louchet,et al.  Analytical model for the performance evaluation of DWDM transmission systems , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  Jau Tang.  A comparison study of the Shannon channel capacity of various nonlinear optical fibers , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[10]  Rakefet Weidenfeld,et al.  Phased-array cancellation of nonlinear FWM in coherent OFDM dispersive multi-span links. , 2008, Optics express.

[11]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  Statistical characterization of PM-QPSK signals after propagation in uncompensated fiber links , 2010, 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[12]  Xi Chen,et al.  Closed-form expressions for nonlinear transmission performance of densely spaced coherent optical OFDM systems. , 2010, Optics express.

[13]  Gabriella Bosco,et al.  Performance prediction for WDM PM-QPSK transmission over uncompensated links , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[14]  D. van den Borne,et al.  Nonlinear tolerance of polarization-multiplexed QPSK transmission over mixed fiber links , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[15]  E. Torrengo,et al.  Experimental validation of an analytical model for nonlinear propagation in uncompensated optical links , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[16]  Xi Chen,et al.  Information Spectral Efficiency and Launch Power Density Limits Due to Fiber Nonlinearity for Coherent Optical OFDM Systems , 2011, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[17]  A. Carena,et al.  Analytical results on channel capacity in uncompensated optical links with coherent detection , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[18]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  Analytical Modeling of Nonlinear Propagation in Uncompensated Optical Transmission Links , 2011, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[19]  H. Zhang,et al.  Scaling of nonlinear impairments in dispersion-uncompensated long-haul transmission , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[20]  P. Serena,et al.  Modeling nonlinearity in coherent transmissions with dominant intrachannel-four-wave-mixing. , 2012, Optics express.

[21]  A. Carena,et al.  Investigation of the dependence of non-linear interference on the number of WDM channels in coherent optical networks , 2012, 2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications.

[22]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  A Detailed Analytical Derivation of the GN Model of Non-Linear Interference in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems , 2012, 1209.0394.

[23]  S. Bigo,et al.  On nonlinear distortions of highly dispersive optical coherent systems. , 2012, Optics express.

[24]  G. Bosco,et al.  Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Uncompensated Optical Coherent Transmission Links , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[25]  R. Essiambre,et al.  Nonlinear Shannon Limit in Pseudolinear Coherent Systems , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  R. Cigliutti,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Nonlinear Interference Accumulation in Uncompensated Links , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[27]  A. Carena,et al.  Evaluation of the dependence on system parameters of non-linear interference accumulation in multi-span links , 2012, 2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications.