Subgroup classification of feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses by viral interference and neutralization tests.

Abstract Diverse strains of naturally occurring feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses share the species-specific group specific antigen (gs-1), but reveal similarities and differences between individual members of the group with respect to viral envelope antigens. Such antigens can be demonstrated by viral interference and viral neutralization tests. The occurrence of three envelope antigens enabled us to classify the feline type C viruses into three subgroups of A, B and C. The property of initial viral infectivity (viral attachment and penetration into cells) and the induction of type-specific virus neutralizing antibodies appear to be controlled by the same envelope antigen. Thus, the replication of a feline leukemia virus in feline embryo cell cultures was accompanied by the development in these cultures of a viral resistance to the cell-transforming effects of antigenically related but not unrelated feline sarcoma viruses and feline leukemia pseudotypes of murine sarcoma virus. The presently known naturally occurring feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses of B and C subgroups were found to be antigenic mixtures containing an A subgroup virus as one of the components. These studies suggest that feline type C viruses may gain entry into cells at cell receptor sites specific for each major envelope antigen.

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