Stable Pb2+ ion-selective electrodes based on polyaniline-TiO2 solid contacts.

A novel Pb2+ ion selective electrode based on a polyaniline-doped titanium dioxide (PANI-TiO2) solid contact, denoted herein as GC/PANI-TiO2/Pb2+-ISE, was successfully developed. The GC/PANI-TiO2/Pb2+-ISE exhibited a stable and rapid potential response to Pb2+ ions, with a linear response over the concentration range 10-3-10-9 M, a detection limit of ∼10-9.1 M and a response time of only 10-15 s. The PANI-TiO2 solid contact layer possessed a large specific capacitance, thereby effectively promoting ion-to-electron transduction and enhancing the output stability (potential drift, 122.6 μV/s). The developed electrode maintained excellent performance during continuous use, showing a linear response range of 10-3-10-7 M with no obvious changes in the potential response time or response slope (29 ± 0.2 mV/decade) over six weeks. Results encourage the wider use of conducting polymer-semiconductor solid contacts in ion selective electrode development.

[1]  Fumin Wang,et al.  Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with a titania thin-film electrode composed of a network structure of single-crystal-like TiO2 nanowires made by the "oriented attachment" mechanism. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[2]  Properties of PVC based membranes used in ion-selective electrodes , 1990 .

[3]  J. Bobacka,et al.  Solid-contact lead(II) ion-selective electrodes for potentiometric determination of lead(II) in presence of high concentrations of Na(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ca(II) and Mg(II) , 2015 .

[4]  J. Bobacka,et al.  Potential Stability of All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes Using Conducting Polymers as Ion-to-Electron Transducers. , 1999, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  E. Wieland,et al.  Neutral carrier based ion-selective electrode for the determination of total calcium in blood serum. , 1981, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  Andrzej Lewenstam,et al.  Factors affecting the potentiometric response of all-solid-state solvent polymeric membrane calcium-selective electrode for low-level measurements. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  Beata Paczosa-Bator,et al.  Ion-selective electrodes with superhydrophobic polymer/carbon nanocomposites as solid contact , 2015 .

[8]  A solid-contact Pb2+-selective electrode based on a hydrophobic polyaniline microfiber film as the ion-to-electron transducer , 2019, Synthetic Metals.

[9]  B. Ye,et al.  Polyaniline Langmuir-Blodgett film modified glassy carbon electrode as a voltammetric sensor for determination of Ag + ions , 2010 .

[10]  Yueping Fang,et al.  A carbon nitride/TiO2 nanotube array heterojunction visible-light photocatalyst: synthesis, characterization, and photoelectrochemical properties , 2012 .

[11]  Jun Li,et al.  A novel all-solid-state ammonium electrode with polyaniline and copolymer of aniline/2,5-dimethoxyaniline as transducers , 2015 .

[12]  Wei Qin,et al.  A solid-contact potassium-selective electrode with MoO2 microspheres as ion-to-electron transducer. , 2017, Analytica chimica acta.

[13]  A. Afkhami,et al.  A new nano-composite potentiometric sensor containing an Hg2 +-ion imprinted polymer for the trace determination of mercury ions in different matrices , 2015 .

[14]  K. Tóth,et al.  A potassium-selective silicone-rubber membrane electrode based on a neutral carrier , 1973 .

[15]  Ananthakumar Ramadoss,et al.  Improved activity of a graphene–TiO2 hybrid electrode in an electrochemical supercapacitor , 2013 .

[16]  S. Moon,et al.  Potentiometric Cr(VI) selective electrode based on novel ionophore-immobilized PVC membranes. , 2005, Talanta.

[17]  Baokang Jin,et al.  Enhanced photoelectrochemical sensing for MUC1 detection based on TiO2/CdS:Eu/CdS cosensitized structure , 2018, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[18]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Thrombogenic properties of untreated and poly(ethylene oxide)-modified polymeric matrices useful for preparing intraarterial ion-selective electrodes. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  J M Anderson,et al.  Ion-selective membranes with low plasticizer content: electroanalytical characterization and biocompatibility studies. , 1994, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[20]  Wei Qin,et al.  A solid-contact Pb(2+)-selective electrode using poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) as ion-to-electron transducer. , 2011, Analytica chimica acta.

[21]  Rajender Boddula,et al.  Single-step hydrothermal synthesis of wrinkled graphene wrapped TiO2 nanotubes for photocatalytic hydrogen production and supercapacitor applications , 2018 .

[22]  P. Hauser,et al.  Capillary electrophoretic determination of different classes of organic ions by potentiometric detection with coated-wire ion-selective electrodes. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[23]  Beata Paczosa-Bator,et al.  All-solid-state nitrate selective electrode with graphene/tetrathiafulvalene nanocomposite as high redox and double layer capacitance solid contact , 2016 .

[24]  Ju Wu,et al.  Organic‐inorganic‐hybrid‐enhancement Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Cu (II) in River Water , 2018 .

[25]  J. W. Ross,et al.  Calcium-Selective Electrode with Liquid Ion Exchanger , 1967, Science.

[26]  Mark E. Meyerhoff,et al.  Enhanced electrochemical performance of solid-state ion sensors based on silicone rubber membranes , 1996 .

[27]  W. Qin,et al.  A freestanding all-solid-state polymeric membrane Cu2+-selective electrode based on three-dimensional graphene sponge. , 2019, Analytica chimica acta.

[28]  Zbigniew Brzozka,et al.  Enhanced performance of potassium CHEMFETs by optimization of a polysiloxane membrane , 1994 .

[29]  Wei Qin,et al.  All-solid-state polymeric membrane ion-selective miniaturized electrodes based on a nanoporous gold film as solid contact. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.

[30]  Baokang Jin,et al.  Facile synthesis of polyaniline/TiO2/graphene oxide composite for high performance supercapacitors , 2012 .

[31]  H. Hirata,et al.  Copper(I) sulphide-impregnated silicone rubber membranes as selective electrodes for copper(II) ions. , 1970, Talanta.

[32]  Eric Bakker,et al.  Evidence of double layer/capacitive charging in carbon nanomaterial-based solid contact polymeric ion-selective electrodes. , 2016, Chemical communications.

[33]  H. Nam,et al.  Potentiometric properties of ion-selective electrode membranes based on segmented polyether urethane matrices. , 1997, Analytical chemistry.

[34]  N. D. de Rooij,et al.  Potential Drifts of Solid‐Contacted Ion‐Selective Electrodes Due to Zero‐Current Ion Fluxes Through the Sensor Membrane , 2000 .

[35]  A. Michalska,et al.  Optimizing the analytical performance and construction of ion-selective electrodes with conducting polymer-based ion-to-electron transducers , 2005, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[36]  Jr-hau He,et al.  Surface effects in metal oxide-based nanodevices. , 2015, Nanoscale.

[37]  Ning He,et al.  Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[38]  Mamdouh R. Rezk,et al.  Design of a stable solid-contact ion-selective electrode based on polyaniline nanoparticles as ion-to-electron transducer for application in process analytical technology as a real-time analyzer , 2015 .

[39]  R. E. Gyurcsányi,et al.  Polyaniline nanoparticle-based solid-contact silicone rubber ion-selective electrodes for ultratrace measurements. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[40]  Jianfeng Ping,et al.  All-solid-state potentiometric sensor using single-walled carbon nanohorns as transducer , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[41]  Chenchen Liu,et al.  A solid-contact Pb2+- selective electrode based on electrospun polyaniline microfibers film as ion-to-electron transducer , 2017 .

[42]  F. Rius,et al.  Transduction mechanism of carbon nanotubes in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[43]  Hyun-Joong Chung,et al.  All-Solid-State Sodium-Selective Electrode with a Solid Contact of Chitosan/Prussian Blue Nanocomposite , 2017, Sensors.

[44]  Liangmin Yu,et al.  Recent advances in critical materials for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells: a review , 2015 .

[45]  A. Michalska,et al.  Optimization of capacitance of conducting polymer solid contact in ion-selective electrodes , 2016 .

[46]  Minghua Wang,et al.  CuxO@DNA sphere-based electrochemical bioassay for sensitive detection of Pb2+ , 2018, Microchimica Acta.

[47]  P. Bühlmann,et al.  Selectivity of potentiometric ion sensors. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[48]  Xiaobo Chen,et al.  Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[49]  Giovanni De Micheli,et al.  Highly-stable Li+ ion-selective electrodes based on noble metal nanostructured layers as solid-contacts. , 2018, Analytica chimica acta.

[50]  Fenghua Li,et al.  All-solid-state potassium-selective electrode using graphene as the solid contact. , 2012, The Analyst.