Contemporary Public Space: Critique and Classification, Part One: Critique

This two-part paper draws upon different scholarly traditions to highlight the key tensions at the heart of the contemporary public space debate. Critiques of public space can broadly be placed into two camps, those who argue that public space is over-managed, and those who argue that it is under-managed. This over-simplifies a complex discourse on public space that this paper aims to unpack, but nevertheless provides a useful lens through which to view the critiques. In fact there are a series of discrete but related critiques of the contemporary public space situation, and it is these that the first part of this paper identifies and organizes. In so doing it also reveals a range of public space types that are used in the second part of the paper to suggest a new typology of public space.

[1]  O. Newman Defensible Space: People and Design in the Violent City , 1973 .

[2]  譚鴻仁,et al.  The politics of public space , 2002 .

[3]  Rob Shields,et al.  Places on the margin , 1991 .

[4]  Matthew Carmona,et al.  Public Space Management: Present and Potential , 2006 .

[5]  Alice Coleman,et al.  Utopia on Trial: Vision and Reality in Planned Housing , 1985 .

[6]  R. Sennett The Conscience of the Eye: The Design and Social Life of Cities , 1991 .

[7]  N. Smith The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City , 1997 .

[8]  Matthew Carmona,et al.  Is the Grass Greener...? Learning from International Innovations in Urban Green Space Management , 2004 .

[9]  R. Atkinson Domestication by Cappuccino or a Revenge on Urban Space? Control and Empowerment in the Management of Public Spaces , 2003 .

[10]  Henri Lefebvre The production of space , 1992 .

[11]  Peter Buchanan,et al.  What city? A plea for place in the public realm , 1988 .

[12]  RobertF Brown FINDING LOST SPACE: THEORIES OF URBAN DESIGN , 1988, Landscape Journal.

[13]  Matthew Carmona,et al.  Public Space: The Management Dimension , 2008, Public Space Reader.

[14]  Joe Podolsky,et al.  City of bits: space, place and the infobahn , 1995, CSOC.

[15]  Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris,et al.  Cracks in the city: Addressing the constraints and potentials of urban design , 1996 .

[16]  Joel Garreau Edge City: Life on the New Frontier , 1991 .

[17]  W. Whyte City: Rediscovering the Center , 1988 .

[18]  A. Duany,et al.  Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream , 2000 .

[19]  Francis Tibbalds,et al.  Making People-Friendly Towns : Improving the Public Environment in Towns and Cities , 2001 .

[20]  Jan Gehl,et al.  Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space , 2003 .

[21]  Rob Imrie,et al.  Inclusive Design: Designing and Developing Accessible Environments , 2001 .

[22]  R. Zetter,et al.  Designing Sustainable Cities in the Developing World , 2006 .

[23]  Teresa Caldeira,et al.  Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space , 1994 .

[24]  J. Lang,et al.  Urban Design: The American Experience , 1994 .

[25]  Simon Marvin,et al.  Planning cybercities? Integrating telecommunications into urban planning , 1999 .

[26]  Robert C. Ellickson Controlling Chronic Misconduct in City Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Skid Rows, and Public-Space Zoning , 1996 .

[27]  Sharon Zukin The Cultures of the Cities , 1995 .

[28]  John Montgomery,et al.  Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design , 1998 .

[29]  C. Webster Gated cities of tomorrow , 2001 .

[30]  Doshik Yang Waterfronts : spatial composition and cultural use , 2006 .

[31]  Lay James Gibson,et al.  Landscapes of Power: From Detroit to Disney World , 1993 .

[32]  Karen Malone,et al.  Street life: youth, culture and competing uses of public space , 2002 .

[33]  Ian Bentley Urban Transformations: Power, People and Urban Design , 1999 .

[34]  Ron Wiedenhoeft,et al.  Utopia on trial: Vision and reality in planned housing: by Alice Coleman Hilary Shipman, London, UK, 1985 , 1986 .

[35]  W. Whyte The social life of small urban spaces , 1980 .

[36]  D. Canter The psychology of place , 1977 .

[37]  Nicholas R. Fyfe,et al.  Images of the Street: Planning, Identity and Control in Public Space , 1998 .

[38]  Richard Sennett,et al.  The Fall of Public Man , 1977 .

[39]  William J. Mitchell,et al.  City of bits: space, place, and the infobahn , 1995 .

[40]  Terance D. Miethe Fear and Withdrawal from Urban Life , 1995 .

[41]  K. Mattson,et al.  Reclaiming and Remaking Public Space: Toward an Architecture for American Democracy , 1999 .

[42]  Chris Turner,et al.  Conflicts of Liveability in the 24-hour City: Learning from 48 Hours in the Life of London's Soho , 2005 .

[43]  Matthew Carmona,et al.  Public Places - Urban Spaces : the dimensions of urban design, Second Edition , 2003 .

[44]  Ray Oldenburg,et al.  The Great Good Place , 1999 .

[45]  M. Castells The rise of the network society , 1996 .

[46]  Paul Chatterton,et al.  Theorising Urban Playscapes: Producing, Regulating and Consuming Youthful Nightlife City Spaces , 2002 .

[47]  R. Trancik,et al.  Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design , 1986 .

[48]  Elizabeth Wilson,et al.  The rhetoric of urban space , 1995 .

[49]  E. Blakely,et al.  Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States , 1997 .

[50]  J. Gehl,et al.  New City Spaces , 2008 .

[51]  Rob Imrie,et al.  Architectural Practices and Disabling Design in the Built Environment , 1999 .

[52]  David Engwicht,et al.  Street Reclaiming: Creating Livable Streets and Vibrant Communities , 1999 .

[53]  S. Sassen Cities in a World Economy , 1994 .

[54]  C. D. Magalhães,et al.  Innovations in the Management of Public Space: Reshaping and Refocusing Governance , 2006 .

[55]  J. Jacobs,et al.  Living Room: Rematerialising Home , 2008 .

[56]  E. Relph Place and placelessness , 1976 .

[57]  Brandon C. Welsh,et al.  Crime prevention effects of closed circuit television: a systematic review , 2002 .

[58]  M. Kohn Brave New Neighborhoods: The Privatization of Public Space , 2004, Public Space Reader.

[59]  T. Banerjee The Future of Public Space: Beyond Invented Streets and Reinvented Places , 2001 .

[60]  A. Madanipour Public and private spaces of the city , 2003 .

[61]  J. Jacobs The Death and Life of Great American Cities , 1962 .

[62]  Jonathan Freeman,et al.  The Value of Public Space: How High Quality Parks and Public Spaces Create Economic, Social and Environmental Value , 2004 .

[63]  M. Boyer The city of collective memory , 1994 .

[64]  Don Mitchell,et al.  The End of Public Space?People's Park, Definitions of the Public, and Democracy , 1995 .

[65]  S. Graham,et al.  Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities, and the urban condition , 2001 .

[66]  L. H. Lofland The Public Realm: Exploring the City's Quintessential Social Territory , 1999 .

[67]  Alessandro Aurigi,et al.  Making the Digital City: The Early Shaping of Urban Internet Space , 2005 .

[68]  M. Davis City of Quartz , 1990 .

[69]  Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris,et al.  Urban Design Downtown: Poetics and Politics of Form , 1998 .