Features of cytokine production in tumor associated with metastasis and basal cell hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium in non-small cell lung cancer

The emergence and progression of a tumor (relapses, metastasis) is largely due to the presence and nature of inflammatory processes. It is promising to clarify the pathogenetic role and prognostic value of cytokines involved in the inflammation. The basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumor may be associated with inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Objective: to study the production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor, taking into account basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumor in the patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (T1-3N0-2M0) were included in the study. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 17 cases. The production of TGF-β, TNF-α, SDF-1, VEGFA was determined by immunohistochemistry in tumor cells and alveolar macrophages. Basal cell hyperplasia in the bronchi adjacent to the tumor was morphologically diagnosed. The absence of SDF-1 in the nuclei of tumor cells was associated with the hematogenous metastases in patients with BCH of the bronchi adjacent to the tumor. Basal cell hyperplasia is correlated with an increased TGF-β production in alveolar macrophages and a decreased of SDF-1 in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The frequency of case TNF-α in alveolar macrophages is reduced in patients with hematogenous metastases who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cytokine production in the tumor cells and leukocytes was associated with the hematogenous metastases, taking into account the basal cell hyperplasia, which is associated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor. The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy differ depending hematogenous metastasis.