After the Makah Whale Hunt

This article examines the racist backlash against the Makah tribe for their treaty-protected right to hunt whales. It then explains some core epistemological aspects of indigenous peoples’ struggles that are outside discussions in multicultural education. This article also offers a contribution to our understanding of schools as political institutions in cross-cultural situations. Indigenous values foreground the moral principles that are presented in the interrelationships between human, natural, and spiritual worlds. Culturally responsive education from an indigenous perspective is sublimely ecological and place based. Such perspectives tend to detonate most multicultural assumptions about modernity, postmodernity, and progress while asserting pedagogies drawn from the “sentient landscape.”

[1]  Gregory A. Cajete Look to the mountain : an ecology of indigenous education , 1994 .

[2]  Y. Tuan,et al.  The Betweenness of Place: Towards a Geography of Modernity , 1990 .

[3]  J. Ogbu,et al.  Understanding Cultural Diversity and Learning , 1992 .

[4]  D. Rothenberg The Ecological Indian: Myth and History , 2000 .

[5]  Paul K. Theobald Teaching The Commons: Place, Pride, And The Renewal Of Community , 1997 .

[6]  Howard L. Harrod The Animals Came Dancing: Native American Sacred Ecology and Animal Kinship , 2000 .

[7]  スティーブ コーンウェル,et al.  A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the struggle for self-determination in indigenous schooling , 2004 .

[8]  R. Handler Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. George E. Marcus , Michael M. J. Fischer , 1986 .

[9]  D. Fixico The American Indian Mind in a Linear World: American Indian Studies and Traditional Knowledge , 2003 .

[10]  Michael B. Marker Lummi identity and white racism: When location is a real place , 2000 .

[11]  Vine Deloria Red Earth, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth of Scientific Fact , 1997 .

[12]  W. Mckeen The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence , 2000 .

[13]  Letters: Native Models for Learning , 1988 .

[14]  S. Grande American Indian Geographies of Identity and Power: At the Crossroads of Indigena and Mestizaje. , 2000 .

[15]  D. Gruenewald,et al.  Foundations of Place: A Multidisciplinary Framework for Place-Conscious Education , 2003 .

[16]  Devika Coles,et al.  Places of memory , 2007, SIGGRAPH '07.

[17]  A. O. Kawagley,et al.  A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit , 1995, The Alaska Native Reader.

[18]  Gregory A. Smith,et al.  Ecological education in action: On weaving education, culture, and the environment , 1999 .

[19]  E. Wolf Europe and the People without History , 1984 .

[20]  M. Read The Makah Indians. A Study of an Indian Tribe in Modern American Society , 1954 .

[21]  Robert H. Keller,et al.  Drawing Back Culture: The Makah Struggle for Repatriation@@@Voices of a Thousand People: The Makah Cultural and Research Center , 2003 .

[22]  Ray Barnhardt,et al.  Education Indigenous to Place: Western Science Meets Native Reality. , 1998 .

[23]  Teresa L. McCarty,et al.  When Tribal Sovereignty Challenges Democracy: American Indian Education and the Democratic Ideal , 2002 .

[24]  Linda Smith,et al.  Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples , 2000 .

[25]  Gregory Cajete,et al.  Native Science: Natural Laws of Interdependence , 1999 .

[26]  Winona LaDuke,et al.  All our relations : native struggles for land and life , 1999 .

[27]  Michael W. Apple,et al.  Cultural politics and education , 1996 .

[28]  K. Mitchell Education for Democratic Citizenship: Transnationalism, Multiculturalism, and the Limits of Liberalism , 2001 .

[29]  Darren E Lund Multicultural Education, Critical Pedagogy, and the Politics of Difference , 1998 .

[30]  Thomas A. Dutton Cultural Politics and Education , 1991 .

[31]  C. A. Bowers,et al.  The Culture of Denial: Why the Environmental Movement Needs a Strategy for Reforming Universities and Public Schools (SUNY series in Environmental Public Policy) , 1997 .

[32]  W. Berry Another Turn of the Crank: Essays , 1995 .