A Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Based Slotted Inverted Delta-Shaped Wideband Antenna for Microwave Head Imaging

A wideband grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) based patch antenna for head imaging is discussed in this paper. The proposed antenna is integrated with a slotted inverted delta-shaped main radiating patch, coplanar waveguide elements, and slotted partial ground. The prime objective of usages of coplanar waveguide elements is enhancing antenna effectiveness. In the prototype, examined different categories of slots in the ground and particularly rectangular and elliptical-shaped slots are used to improve the radiation directivity, gain, and efficiency. The optimized dimension of the antenna is $50\times 44\times 1.524$ mm3 by using the Rogers RO4350B substrate. The measured and simulated results demonstrate that the proposed prototype has a bandwidth of 2.01 GHz (1.70–3.71 GHz) with nearly directional radiation characteristics. The highest gain of the prototype is 5.65 dBi, and the maximum 93% radiation efficiency over the frequency band. The antenna has a lower group delay, higher fidelity factor (>95%), which are significant factors for microwave head imaging. Various design structures are performed to achieve the most satisfactory result. The proposed prototype is designed and analyzed by 3D CST 2019 simulator software. Later, the antenna is fabricated and measured to examine the performance. Thereafter, a single antenna and twelve-antennas array element are configured and placed surrounding the 3D realistic shaped Hugo head model to validate the effectiveness of the single antenna as well as the designed antennas array. The antenna has satisfactory field penetration into the human head tissues with a safe SAR (specific absorption rate). Less than 0.00233 W/kg SAR is attained over the operating frequency range, which is lower than the reported antennas. The Iteratively Corrected Delay Multiply and Sum (IC-DMAS) imaging algorithm will be applied for imaging purposes. The investigation through the literature of the statistical and measured data evident that the proposed antenna is apposite for the wideband microwave head imaging applications.

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