X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

X-ray fluorescence analysis has come a long way in the sixty years since Moseley began his classic experiments on the relation of x-ray wavelength to atomic number.(1) During this period several significant milestones were reached: in 1923 Coster and Von Hevesy confirmed the existence of element 72, Hafnium, from the x-ray spectra of Norwegian zircon;(2) in the 1930’s concentrations of a fraction of a percent could be measured; in the mid-1940’s the availability of high-powered sealed x-ray tubes, large single crystals, and geiger counters enabled Friedman and Birks to demonstrate a practical system for chemical analysis.(3) in the last twenty years, the technique has developed to a high degree of sophistication and is presently accepted as one of the most useful rapid and economical analytical methods available. The method is simple and straightforward with commercial equipment and a high vacuum is not required.

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