Surface Decomposition of Strontium‐Doped Soft PbZrO3–PbTiO3

Sintering temperature has a pronounced effect on perovskite phase stability at the surface of Pb0.88Sr0.12Zr0.54Ti0.44Sb0.02O3 (PSZT) soft piezoelectric ceramics (d33≈ 600 pC/N). After sintering 4 h at 1070°C, XRD reveals only perovskite PSZT peaks in the bulk and at the surface. As sintering temperature increases, XRD from the ceramic surface reveals a second-phase peak at ∼27° (2θ), 0.316 nm (d-spacing). After 4 h at 1280°C, further second-phase peaks are observed, confirming it to be monoclinic ZrO2, accompanied by a strong increase in the degree of tetragonality of the perovskite phase. These observations are consistent with decomposition of the PSZT to ZrO2 and tetragonal PZT (PbZrO3–PbTiO3) associated with PbO loss. SEM and cross-sectional TEM indicated that surface decomposition had progressed ∼0.5 mm into the sample after 4 h at 1280°C.

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