Asbestiform riebeckite ( crocidolite ) dissolution in the presence of Fe chelators : Implications for mineral-induced disease

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solution chemistry were used to monitor the changes in surface composition of crocidolite fibers in a 50 mM NaCl solution at pH : 7.5 and 22"Cinthe presence of several Fe chelators (citrate, EDTA, ordesferrioxamine) for up to 30 d. The data show that the introduction of Fe chelators dramatically increases the rate at which Fe is released from the surface in comparison with a control goup to which no chelators were added. In particular, XPS shows that Fe3* is more efectively removed in the presence of the chelators even though it is highly insoluble in aqueous solutions at near neutral pH. This suggests that Fe chelators can alter the dissolution mechanism of amphiboles from the process that dominates in NaCl solutions. This change in dissolution mechanism (particularly the enhanced rate of Fe release) is an important consideration for models of mineral-induced pathogenesis that rely on oxidation and reduction processes. Efforts were made to estimate the Fe-release lifetimes of crocidolite fibers under the conditions of our experiments to guide the assessment of the biodurability of these fibers in human lung tissue. Our results suggest that crocidolite fibers may persist for several years, releasing Fe to lung fluids during this time. This estimated lifetime is longer than that previously estimated for chrysotile fibers and is consistent with the lifetimes previously observed in asbestos mineral lung-burden studies.

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