Spark Ignition Engines: State‐of‐the‐Art and Current Technologies. Future Trends and Developments

The purpose of this article is to provide fundamental information on spark-ignited internal combustion engines (SI-ICEs). In the first section, a general overview of main SI engines and their peculiarities is given, as well as the foreseen evolution scenario, both from product requirement and technology opportunities points of view. In the subsequent sessions, a deeper analysis of the different specific features of SI engines is performed, from the peculiar aspects of: air management and charging, fuel mixture preparation, fuel characteristics, combustion process, emissions generation and abatement, mechanical and parasitic losses, thermal management, and their related control aspects. Keywords: internal combustion engines; spark ignition engines; performance; air management; fuel injection; efficiency; emissions; fuels; friction; SI engine control

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