LXXXI Airway Problems in Children following Prolonged Endotracheal Intubation

Trauma to the larynx from the use of various types of endotracheal tubes has been recognized virtually since MacEwen introduced a tube into the trachea via the mouth in 1880. Regrettably perhaps, in recent years, general anesthesia via the endotracheal route has almost completely supplanted open insufflation anesthesia in many centers. More recently, the use of endotracheal tubes has been broadened to encompass other clinical situations. The prolonged use of endotracheal intubation is now being advocated for postoperative respiratory depression requiring assisted ventilation (the depression not infrequently being a reaction to the drug or drugs used in the anesthesia) ; acute respiratory problems such as asthma, laryngotracheitis, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome; central nervous system lesions such as meningitis, encephalitis, head injuries, etc.; as well as other medical conditions where there is a respiratory insufficiency.

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