Advanced structural health monitoring of concrete structures with the aid of acoustic emission

Abstract This article gives a comprehensive review of the acoustic emission (AE) technique for its applications in concrete structure health monitoring. Basic and established condition assessment methods for concrete structures are reviewed to configure a firm perception of AE application for enhanced performance and reliability. The AE approaches of focus are the parametric and signal analysis which can be used to develop damage evaluation criteria. Other than recent localization and source discrimination methods, applications of pivotal AE parameters such as b -value, Ib -value, AE energy, and hit are discussed herein, with highlights on the limitation of the individual parameter-based approaches when adopted on site. In addition, the introduction of new parameters such as sifted b -value, minimum b -value, and Q value is discussed as well, followed by a novel recent strategy for AE application in conjunction with tomography method to facilitate infrastructure assessment. Moreover, the key role of application of artificial intelligence methods towards damage mode identification has been highlighted.

[1]  Kiyoo Mogi,et al.  Magnitude-Frequency Relation for Elastic Shocks Accompanying Fractures of Various Materials and Some Related problems in Earthquakes (2nd Paper) , 1963 .

[2]  Richard J. Lipton,et al.  New Directions In Testing , 1989, Distributed Computing And Cryptography.

[3]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  Integrated non-destructive assessment of concrete structures under flexure by acoustic emission and travel time tomography , 2014 .

[4]  D. Aggelis Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters , 2011 .

[5]  N. Barkoula,et al.  Acoustic emission characterization of the fracture process in fibre reinforced concrete , 2011 .

[6]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  Global Monitoring of Large Concrete Structures Using Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Techniques: Case Study , 2009 .

[7]  M. V. M. S. Rao,et al.  Analysis of b-value and improved b-value of acoustic emissions accompanying rock fracture , 2005 .

[8]  Manfred Joswig Pattern Recognition for Earthquake Detection , 1987, ASST.

[9]  Jochen Horst Kurz Verifikation von Bruchprozessen bei gleichzeitiger Automatisierung der Schallemissionsanalyse an Stahl- und Stahlfaserbeton , 2006 .

[10]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Crack classification in concrete based on acoustic emission , 2010 .

[11]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Acoustic Emission Testing , 2006, Advanced Materials Research.

[12]  S. P. Shah,et al.  Parametric study of acoustic emission location using only four sensors , 1988 .

[13]  Peter C. Chang,et al.  Recent Research in Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Infrastructures , 2003 .

[14]  N. Barkoula,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of degradation of cross ply laminates. , 2010, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[15]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Simplified moment tensor analysis and unified decomposition of acoustic emission source: Application to in situ hydrofracturing test , 1991 .

[16]  Chao Wang,et al.  Investigation into the Fatigue Damage Process of Rubberized Concrete and Plain Concrete by AE Analysis , 2011 .

[17]  P. Ziehl,et al.  Evaluation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams: Cyclic Load Test and Acoustic Emission Methods , 2006 .

[18]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Monitoring Crack Propagation in Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls by Acoustic Emission , 2013 .

[19]  M. Ohtsu,et al.  Quantitative damage estimation of concrete by acoustic emission , 2001 .

[20]  Edoardo Proverbio,et al.  Noise removal by cluster analysis after long time AE corrosion monitoring of steel reinforcement in concrete , 2012 .

[21]  Paul Ziehl Applications of acoustic emission evaluation for civil infrastructure , 2008, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[22]  J. M. Chandra Kishen,et al.  Use of acoustic emissions in flexural fatigue crack growth studies on concrete , 2012 .

[23]  I. Jolliffe Principal Component Analysis , 2002 .

[24]  M. Forde,et al.  Predicting the ultimate bending capacity of concrete beams from the “relaxation ratio” analysis of AE signals , 2005 .

[25]  K. Holford,et al.  Damage classification in reinforced concrete beam by acoustic emission signal analysis , 2013 .

[26]  John Alexander Steel,et al.  A new method for waveform analysis for estimating AE wave arrival times using wavelet decomposition , 2004 .

[27]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  A proposed standard for evaluating structural integrity of reinforced concrete beams by acoustic emission , 1999 .

[28]  Antolino Gallego,et al.  AE Monitoring for Damage Assessment of RC Exterior Beam-column Subassemblages Subjected to Cyclic Loading , 2009 .

[29]  Giuseppe Lacidogna,et al.  Damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings by the acoustic emission technique , 2011 .

[30]  Joseph F Labuz,et al.  Acoustic emission at failure in quasi-brittle materials , 2001 .

[31]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS QUALIFIED BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION , 2002 .

[32]  Paul G. Richards,et al.  Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods , 1980 .

[33]  Nathalie Godin,et al.  Clustering of acoustic emission signals collected during tensile tests on unidirectional glass/polyester composite using supervised and unsupervised classifiers , 2004 .

[34]  Teuvo Kohonen,et al.  The self-organizing map , 1990 .

[35]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  Assessing Damage in Corroded Reinforced Concrete Using Acoustic Emission , 2000 .

[36]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Corrosion mechanisms in reinforced concrete by acoustic emission , 2013 .

[37]  Giuseppe Lacidogna,et al.  Critical Behaviour in Concrete Structures and Damage Localization by Acoustic Emission , 2006 .

[38]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise , 1996, KDD.

[39]  J. M. Chandra Kishen,et al.  Fracture behavior of concrete–concrete interface using acoustic emission technique , 2010 .

[40]  Kanji Ono,et al.  DIAGNOSTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION , 2002 .

[41]  P. Ziehl,et al.  Acoustic-Emission-Based Characterization of Corrosion Damage in Cracked Concrete with Prestressing Strand , 2013 .

[42]  Theodore E. Matikas,et al.  ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING OF STEEL-FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER BENDING , 2010 .

[43]  L. Obert,et al.  Microseismic method of predicting rock failure in underground mining. Part II. Laboratory experiments , 1945 .

[44]  S. Yuyama Acoustic Emission Generated in Corners of Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frame Under Cyclic Loading , 1994 .

[45]  P. Rossi,et al.  The use of acoustic emission in fracture mechanics applied to concrete , 1990 .

[46]  Jochen H Kurz,et al.  Strategies for reliable automatic onset time picking of acoustic emissions and of ultrasound signals in concrete. , 2005, Ultrasonics.

[47]  Jean-Louis Tailhan,et al.  Basic creep behavior of concretes investigation of the physical mechanisms by using acoustic emission , 2012 .

[48]  T. F. Drouillard Anecdotal history of acoustic emission from wood , 1990 .

[49]  P. Willmore,et al.  Manual of seismological observatory practice , 1979 .

[50]  Subhash Sharma Applied multivariate techniques , 1995 .

[51]  M. Leonard,et al.  Comparison of Manual and Automatic Onset Time Picking , 2000 .

[52]  Alberto Carpinteri,et al.  Damage evaluation of three masonry towers by acoustic emission , 2007 .

[53]  Paul Ziehl,et al.  MONITORING OF THE BONNET CARRE SPILLWAY BRIDGE DURING EXTREME OVERLOAD , 2003 .

[54]  Clifford H. Thurber,et al.  Automatic P-Wave Arrival Detection and Picking with Multiscale Wavelet Analysis for Single-Component Recordings , 2003 .

[55]  P. Singla,et al.  A probabilistic approach for damage identification and crack mode classification in reinforced concrete structures , 2013 .

[56]  Reinoud Sleeman,et al.  Robust automatic P-phase picking: an on-line implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings , 1999 .

[57]  S. Yuyama,et al.  Quantitative analysis of fracture process in RC column foundation by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission , 1999 .

[58]  Kyuichi Maruyama,et al.  Acoustic emission evaluation of an arch dam during construction cooling and grouting , 1998 .

[59]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  The history and development of acoustic emission in concrete engineering , 1996 .

[60]  K. Mori,et al.  Corrosion Process and Mechanisms of Corrosion-Induced Cracks in Reinforced Concrete identified by AE Analysis , 2011 .

[61]  C. Scholz The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes , 1968 .

[62]  Jun Zhou,et al.  Damage investigation of single-edge notched beam tests with normal strength concrete and ultra high performance concrete specimens using acoustic emission techniques , 2012 .

[63]  James C. Bezdek,et al.  Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms , 1981, Advanced Applications in Pattern Recognition.

[64]  Giuseppe Lacidogna,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring and numerical modeling of FRP delamination in RC beams with non-rectangular cross-section , 2007 .

[65]  Keith Worden,et al.  Structural Health Monitoring of an Annular Component using a Statistical Approach , 2005 .

[66]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  Evaluation of Repair Effect for Deteriorated Concrete Piers of Intake Dam Using AE Activity , 2006 .

[67]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  ACOUSTIC EMISSION FOR CHARACTERIZING BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE CONCRETE ELEMENTS UNDER FLEXURE , 2009 .

[68]  B. H. Schofield,et al.  ACOUSTIC EMISSION UNDER APPLIED STRESS , 1961 .

[69]  M. Ohtsu,et al.  Acoustic emission moment tensor analysis: development for crack identification in concrete materials , 2001 .

[70]  Robert B. Herrmann,et al.  A Student’s Guide to and Review of Moment Tensors , 1989 .

[71]  Theodore E. Matikas,et al.  Influence of fiber chemical coating on the acoustic emission behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete , 2012 .

[72]  M. Ohtsu A review of acoustic emission in civil engineering with emphasis on concrete , 1989 .

[73]  Christian U. Grosse,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of fracture processes in concrete using signal-based acoustic emission techniques , 2006 .

[74]  Toshiro Kamada,et al.  Study of mechanisms of explosive spalling in high-strength concrete at high temperatures using acoustic emission , 2012 .

[75]  N. Muhamad Bunnori,et al.  Damage evaluation of reinforced concrete beams with varying thickness using the acoustic emission technique , 2013 .

[76]  Karen Margaret Holford,et al.  Damage assessment of corrosion in prestressed concrete by acoustic emission , 2013 .

[77]  Paola Antonaci,et al.  Fatigue Crack Propagation Monitoring by Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis , 2011 .

[78]  Theodore E. Matikas,et al.  Monitoring of the mechanical behavior of concrete with chemically treated steel fibers by acoustic emission , 2013 .

[79]  Manfred Baer,et al.  An automatic phase picker for local and teleseismic events , 1987 .

[80]  T. Shiotani Application of the AE Improved b-Value to Quantiative Evaluation of Fracture Process in Concrete-Materials , 2001 .

[81]  S. Yuyama,et al.  Evaluation of fatigue damage in reinforced concrete slab by acoustic emission , 2001 .

[82]  Peter M. Shearer,et al.  Introduction to Seismology , 2019 .

[83]  A. A. Anastassopoulos,et al.  Damage characterization of carbon/carbon laminates using neural network techniques on AE signals , 1998 .

[84]  P. Ziehl,et al.  Identification of Cracking Mechanisms in Scaled FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams using Acoustic Emission , 2014 .

[85]  K. Worden,et al.  Visualisation and Dimension Reduction of Acoustic Emission Data for Damage Detection , 1999 .

[86]  C. S. Cai,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of bridges: Review and case studies , 2010 .

[87]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  The influence of propagation path on elastic waves as measured by acoustic emission parameters , 2012 .

[88]  Mikael Johnson Waveform based clustering and classification of AE transients in composite laminates using principal component analysis , 2002 .

[89]  Bing Chen,et al.  Investigation of effects of aggregate size on the fracture behavior of high performance concrete by acoustic emission , 2007 .

[90]  Robert John Lark,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of bridge structures in the field and laboratory , 2008 .

[91]  Hwai Chung Wu,et al.  Actively modulated acoustic nondestructive evaluation of concrete , 2004 .

[92]  N. Barkoula,et al.  Acoustic emission behavior of steel fibre reinforced concrete under bending , 2009 .

[93]  C. Mukhopadhyay,et al.  Influence of fly ash and curing on cracking behavior of concrete by acoustic emission technique , 2013 .

[94]  J.G.M. van Mier,et al.  Temporal and spatial development of drying shrinkage cracking in cement-based materials , 2003 .

[95]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Acoustic emission characteristics of concrete-piles , 1999 .

[96]  Tomoki Shiotani,et al.  Wave propagation in cementitious material containing artificial distributed damage , 2009 .

[97]  Bing Chen,et al.  Damage in carbon fiber-reinforced concrete, monitored by both electrical resistance measurement and acoustic emission analysis , 2008 .

[98]  Nikos A. Vlassis,et al.  The global k-means clustering algorithm , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[99]  Antolino Gallego,et al.  Evaluation of low-cycle fatigue damage in RC exterior beam-column subassemblages by acoustic emission , 2010 .

[100]  Steven C. Lovejoy Development of acoustic emissions testing procedures applicable to conventionally reinforced concrete deck girder bridges subjected to diagonal tension cracking , 2006 .

[101]  K. Ramanathan,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of CFRP reinforced concrete slabs , 2009 .

[102]  Edoardo Proverbio,et al.  Identification of corrosion mechanisms by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis during long term acoustic emission monitoring on a pre-stressed concrete beam , 2013 .

[103]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Fracture Mechanics of Corrosion Cracking in Concrete by Acoustic Emission , 2006 .

[104]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Experimental and numerical crack analysis of mixed-mode failure in concrete by acoustic emission and boundary element method , 1999 .

[105]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Detection and evaluation of failures in high-strength tendon of prestressed concrete bridges by acoustic emission , 2007 .

[106]  M. Ohtsu,et al.  MOMENT TENSOR ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION FOR CRACKING MECHANISMS IN CONCRETE , 1998 .

[107]  Thomas Schumacher,et al.  Estimating Operating Load Conditions on Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges with b-value Analysis from Acoustic Emission Monitoring , 2011 .

[108]  K. Holford,et al.  Moment Tensor Analysis of Acoustic Emission in Concrete Specimens Failed in Four-Point Bending , 2003 .

[109]  Masayasu Ohtsu,et al.  Prediction of slope failure based on AE activity , 1999 .

[110]  Andrew S. Whittaker,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of a reinforced concrete shear wall by b-value–based outlier analysis , 2013 .

[111]  Michael Forde,et al.  Assessing Damage of Reinforced Concrete Beam using b -value Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals , 2003 .

[112]  M. Ohtsu,et al.  Detection and evaluation of AE waves due to rock deformation , 2001 .

[113]  T. Shiotani,et al.  Evaluation of long-term stability for rock slope by means of acoustic emission technique , 2006 .

[114]  J. Ruzzante,et al.  Localization algorithm for acoustic emission , 2010 .