A multi-objective optimal sizing and operation for off-grid smart house

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is an important issue for protection of the global environment. To achieve this, the spread of photovoltaic generation (PV) has expanded since the start of Feed-in Tariff (FIT) in Japan. However, it is difficult to introduce new renewable energy generation because of restrictions on grid interconnection. This is due to the concerns of voltage deviation, reverse power flow and frequency perturbations. Therefore, an off-grid smart house system is proposed in this study. In off-grid mode, there is little restriction on the high penetration of PV into the distribution system. This paper considers the operation of a smart house and introduced a model for capacity sizing of PV and fixed battery in the smart house. Vehicle to Home (V2H) by operation of electric vehicle (EV) is also considered. In order to evaluate the capacity and operation, the smart house model is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) and compromised solution is compared for different case studies.