Personalized acute stress classification from physiological signals with neural processes

Objective: A person's affective state has known relationships to physiological processes which can be measured by wearable sensors. However, while there are general trends those relationships can be person-specific. This work proposes using neural processes as a way to address individual differences. Methods: Stress classifiers built from classic machine learning models and from neural processes are compared on two datasets using leave-one-participant-out cross-validation. The neural processes models are contextualized on data from a brief period of a particular person's recording. Results: The neural processes models outperformed the standard machine learning models, and had the best performance when using periods of stress and baseline as context. Contextual points chosen from other participants led to lower performance. Conclusion: Neural processes can learn to adapt to person-specific physiological sensor data. There are a wide range of affective and medical applications for which this model could prove useful.

[1]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Physionet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals". Circu-lation Vol , 2000 .

[2]  Sergey Levine,et al.  Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networks , 2017, ICML.

[3]  Oriol Vinyals,et al.  Matching Networks for One Shot Learning , 2016, NIPS.

[4]  J. Richman,et al.  Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[5]  Stefano Squartini,et al.  Few-Shot Siamese Neural Networks Employing Audio Features for Human-Fall Detection , 2018, PRAI 2018.

[6]  Gaël Varoquaux,et al.  Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python , 2011, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[7]  Peter Johansen,et al.  Using Lorenz plot and Cardiac Sympathetic Index of heart rate variability for detecting seizures for patients with epilepsy , 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[8]  Gustavo Carneiro,et al.  Training Medical Image Analysis Systems like Radiologists , 2018, MICCAI.

[9]  Mohamed Chetouani,et al.  Person-specific behavioural features for automatic stress detection , 2015, 2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG).

[10]  Daniel Gatica-Perez,et al.  StressSense: detecting stress in unconstrained acoustic environments using smartphones , 2012, UbiComp.

[11]  Kristof Van Laerhoven,et al.  Introducing WESAD, a Multimodal Dataset for Wearable Stress and Affect Detection , 2018, ICMI.

[12]  Mykola Pechenizkiy,et al.  What's Your Current Stress Level? Detection of Stress Patterns from GSR Sensor Data , 2011, 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops.

[13]  Vijay S. Pande,et al.  Low Data Drug Discovery with One-Shot Learning , 2016, ACS central science.

[14]  Ying Wei,et al.  Hierarchically Structured Meta-learning , 2019, ICML.

[15]  Jürgen Kurths,et al.  Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems , 2009 .

[16]  Anna Yokokubo,et al.  Thermal Comfort and Stress Recognition in Office Environment , 2019, HEALTHINF.

[17]  Natalia Gimelshein,et al.  PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library , 2019, NeurIPS.

[18]  Oscar Mayora-Ibarra,et al.  Automatic Stress Detection in Working Environments From Smartphones’ Accelerometer Data: A First Step , 2015, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

[19]  Willis J. Tompkins,et al.  Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[20]  Riccardo Cicchi,et al.  Few Shot Learning in Histopathological Images:Reducing the Need of Labeled Data on Biological Datasets , 2019, 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2019).

[21]  Richard S. Lazarus,et al.  The Relationship Between Autonomic Indicators of Psychological Stress: Heart Rate and Skin Conductance , 1963 .

[22]  S. Huffel,et al.  Influence of Mental Stress on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability , 2009 .

[23]  Jennifer Healey,et al.  Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[24]  Yee Whye Teh,et al.  Neural Processes , 2018, ArXiv.

[25]  Jesus G. Boticario,et al.  An Open Sensing and Acting Platform for Context-Aware Affective Support in Ambient Intelligent Educational Settings , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[26]  F. Shaffer,et al.  An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms , 2017, Front. Public Health.

[27]  Javier Hernandez,et al.  Call Center Stress Recognition with Person-Specific Models , 2011, ACII.

[28]  Rossana Castaldo,et al.  Acute mental stress assessment via short term HRV analysis in healthy adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis , 2015, Biomed. Signal Process. Control..

[29]  N. Schneiderman,et al.  Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. , 2005, Annual review of clinical psychology.

[30]  Stan Matwin,et al.  Task Adaptive Metric Space for Medium-Shot Medical Image Classification , 2019, MICCAI.

[31]  J. Herman,et al.  Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses , 2009, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[32]  Wessel Kraaij,et al.  Detecting Work Stress in Offices by Combining Unobtrusive Sensors , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.