The water penetration and flow through cracks in reinforced concrete structures are investigated experimentally and numerically. First, wedge-splitting tests of reinforced concrete under strain control were performed. These specimens were subjected to a mechanical load, as well as to an internal hydrostatic pressure. Pressure along the propagating crack and flow rates were measured. Then, nonlinear fracture mechanics-based finite element simulations were performed. From this study, it was determined that the rebars on the outer side of the wall in concrete containment vessels are more effective in preventing leakage than are the inner ones. Furthermore, it was once again determined that the presence of a hydrostatic pressure reduces not only the fracture energy of concrete but also the bond between reinforcement and concrete. Finally, two analytical models are proposed.RésuméLa pénétration et l'écoulement de l'eau à travers les fissurations des structures en béton armé sont étudiés expériementalement et numériquement. D'abord, des essais de fendage du béton armé sous déformation contrôlée ont été réalisés. Les éprouvettes ont été soumises à la fois à une charge mécanique et à une pression hydrostatique interne. La pression le long de la propagation de la fissure et le taux d'écoulement ont été mesurés. Ensuite, des simulations aux éléments finis basés sur la mécanique des fractures non linéaires ont été réalisées. Cette étude a montré que les armatures sur la paroi extérieure du béton étaient plus efficaces pour prévenir les fuites que celles de l'intérieur. Qui plus est, elle a montré de nouveau que la présence d'une pression hydrostatique réduit non seulement l'énergie de fracture du béton mais également l'adhérence entre l'armature et le béton. Enfin, deux modèles analytiques sont proposés.
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