Genetic polymorphism of the αS1-casein and κ-casein in goats.

In the past decades, “milk quantity” was criterion used for the selection of goat milk. Nowadays, the selection made by the genetic polymorphism has helped the agriculture industry where this selection aims to improve milk quality. The objective of this review is to discuss aspects related to the genetic characteristics of the casein in female goats and its implications on milk usage. The study of genetic polymorphism of the casein is very important, for some variants are more beneficial in terms of human nutrition, while other variants are associated to the quality of milk, its composition and technological characteristics. Because of this, several studies confirmed that best cheese comes from milk associated with strong A, B and C alleles from the αS1-casein. On the other hand, milk from the goat that contains the αS1-casein that comes from intermediate alleles is more used for allergic people. The α-casein presents five different alleles in cattle, but in ovine it is monomorphic. In goats, different alleles have been observed being the B allele more important for cheese production. Besides its nutritional and productive aspect, polymorphism for 1 Médica Veterinária MSc UFRPE. *Autor para correspondência: eleonorafg@yahoo.com.br 2 Médica Veterinária Mestranda em Ciência Veterinária UFRPE . R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n CEP 52071-030, Recife / PE 3 Professor(a) Associado(a) do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, UFRPE 4 Professor(a) Associado(a) do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, UFRPE Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n CEP 52071-030, Recife / PE Ciênc. vet. tróp., Recife-PE, v. 12, nos 1/2/3, p. 16-27 janeiro/dezembro, 2009

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