New trends in management

On the broad international scene the project group is coming to be accepted as a unique instrument of management with great potential for promoting change and participation Participation can take two main forms. One is concerned with guarding the employee interest; it tends to revolve around considerations such as conditions of employment; it is dominated by thoughts of employees' rights; it is defensive on the part of employees and in my own terminology I refer to it as negative participation. The other is more concerned with the contribution that employees can make towards improving the performance of the company, meaning economic performance. It is oriented towards increasing the prosperity of the enterprise and I refer to this, in the absence of a universally‐agreed terminology, as positive participation.