Establishing a microwave land surface emissivity scheme in the Met Office 1 D-Var

Several strategies for establishing a land surface emissivity scheme for AMSU have been tested at the Met Office in recent years. The initial approach involved the use of an atlas to give a first guess estimate of emissivity, and a subsequent test involved retrieving inputs to the FASTEM emissivity parameterization (Hewison and English, 1999) as part of a 1D-Var retrieval. Neither of these approaches were particularly successful, producing little benefit in observed minus background (O-B) quantities, and the latter being hampered by poor convergence rates. A new approach is under development to use Weng and Yan’s (2003) microwave snow emissivity model to provide a first guess emissivity where appropriate and to retrieve emissivities directly in the 1D-Var. The reduced O-B values from this scheme are a promising step.