Principles of air and contaminant movement inside and around buildings

Abstract Proper selection and sizing of ventilation systems require knowledge of emissions from internal contaminant and heat sources and an understanding of the characteristics of air and contaminant movement. In this chapter, the major factors affecting air and contaminant movement inside ventilated space are summarized and classified as: (1) transport mechanism of contaminant in ventilated space; (2) contaminant sources; (3) forced convection or supply air jets introduced into the room by mechanical or natural ventilation systems, or their combination; (4) free convection flows along heated and cooled vertical surfaces and above heat sources; (5) airflow created in the vicinity of local and general exhausts; (6) aerodynamic means of large opening protection; and (7) airflow through intended and unintended openings and cracks in the building envelope. This chapter provides some guidance on how to select predominant factors affecting air and contaminant movement, account for their joint effects, and predict airflow characteristics.

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