Robust Online Simulation Framework for Grid Restoration Under Loss of SCADA

Secure and fast grid restoration from a collapsed state is increasingly critical as blackouts are becoming a common occurrence around the globe. Generally, the restoration of grid during a blackout is achieved with the help of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) based central control; however, with the threat of cyber-blackouts, this presumption of an available and secure SCADA system is not valid. This is also true for grids in developing countries as well as for many distribution grids that lack SCADA. In this paper, we introduce an online framework for localized grid restoration that validates and updates a pre-defined crank path in real-time based on the vital grid states of voltages, currents and frequency. The proposed framework maintains an online network topology of the localized grid that can continuously sample measurements and update the grid model, thereby circumventing SCADA based central control. In the results section we demonstrate the efficacy of this framework for black start by ensuring a feasible crank path with voltage and frequency within bounds, while further assisting in synchronization of two disconnected sub-grids during the re-energization process.