Simplex-based particles swarm optimizer

The velocity term of Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) easily results in particles' dispersing and thus decreasing in computation precision. In view of PSO, the simplex-based Particle Swarm Optimizer (Simplex PSO) is derived from the Nelder-Mead simplex method. In Simplex PSO, the velocity term is abandoned and its reference objectives are the centroid of particles and the best particle. The centroid is synthetic information of particles and is influenced by any change of all particles. Therefore, learning reference centroid is updated timely and effectively.