Inhomogeneity and anisotropy in Eulerian–Eulerian near-wall modelling

Abstract This paper tackles the issue of image vorticity in turbulent Eulerian–Eulerian simulations. A pressure-velocity model to account for the no permeability constraint on the fluid- and particle-phase wall normal stress components is proposed. The pressure-velocity model is derived with in a Reynolds-Averaged Two-Fluid model (RA-TFM) framework and is implemented within the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM. We demonstrate that this approach is capable of accounting for the strong near-wall inhomogeneity, a flow feature that hitherto has been neglected in Eulerian–Eulerian modelling. Simulation predictions are validated against benchmark Direct Numerical Simulation data and show a promising step forward in near-wall modelling in Eulerian–Eulerian simulations. The predictions reveal that the approach proposed herein can lead to a satisfactory agreement across all turbulence statistics paving the way for the correct prediction of more complex mechanisms. Finally, the source code of the recently developed solver ratfmFoam and supplementary material used in this work is made available online.

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