Mimicking the nanostructure of bone matrix to regenerate bone.

Key features of bone tissue structure and composition are capable of directing cellular behavior towards the generation of new bone tissue. Bone tissue, as well as materials derived from bone, have a long and successful history of use as bone grafting materials. Recent developments in design and processing of synthetic scaffolding systems has allowed the replication of the bone's desirable biological activity in easy to fabricate polymeric materials with nano-scale features exposed on the surface. The biological response to these new tissue-engineering scaffold materials oftentimes exceeds that seen on scaffolds produced using biological materials.

[1]  P. Ma,et al.  Synthetic nano-scale fibrous extracellular matrix. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[2]  A. Goldstein,et al.  Effect of fiber diameter on spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic cells on electrospun poly(lactic acid) substrates. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[3]  Tae-Il Kim,et al.  Comparative evaluation of nanofibrous scaffolding for bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects. , 2009, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[4]  C. Wilkinson,et al.  Substratum nanotopography and the adhesion of biological cells. Are symmetry or regularity of nanotopography important? , 2001, Biophysical chemistry.

[5]  R. Roeder,et al.  Processing and tensile properties of hydroxyapatite-whisker-reinforced polyetheretherketone. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[6]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Nano-fibrous scaffolding promotes osteoblast differentiation and biomineralization. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[7]  U Kneser,et al.  Tissue engineering of bone: the reconstructive surgeon's point of view , 2006, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[8]  S. Ramakrishna,et al.  A review on electrospinning design and nanofibre assemblies , 2006, Nanotechnology.

[9]  P Zioupos,et al.  Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. , 1998, Medical engineering & physics.

[10]  Johnny Huard,et al.  Synergistic enhancement of bone formation and healing by stem cell-expressed VEGF and bone morphogenetic protein-4. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[11]  R. Tang,et al.  Size effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblast-like cells. , 2009, Acta biomaterialia.

[12]  M. Baumann,et al.  Hydroxyapatite accelerates differentiation and suppresses growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[13]  Laura A. Smith,et al.  The enhancement of human embryonic stem cell osteogenic differentiation with nano-fibrous scaffolding. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[14]  P. Hauschka,et al.  Osteocalcin‐hydroxyapatite interaction in the extracellular organic matrix of bone , 1989, The Anatomical record.

[15]  K. Koval,et al.  Bone grafts and bone graft substitutes in orthopaedic trauma surgery. A critical analysis. , 2007, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[16]  William V Giannobile,et al.  The enhancement of osteogenesis by nano-fibrous scaffolds incorporating rhBMP-7 nanospheres. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[17]  P. Ma,et al.  Electrodeposition on Nanofibrous Polymer Scaffolds: Rapid Mineralization, Tunable Calcium Phosphate Composition and Topography , 2010, Advanced functional materials.

[18]  J O Hollinger,et al.  The critical size defect as an experimental model for craniomandibulofacial nonunions. , 1986, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[19]  Horst Kessler,et al.  RGD modified polymers: biomaterials for stimulated cell adhesion and beyond. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[20]  M. Soleimani,et al.  Nanohydroxyapatite-coated electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and induce ectopic bone formation. , 2010, Biomacromolecules.

[21]  J. Poser,et al.  Characterization of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein from bone. , 1976, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  J. Tessmar,et al.  Matrices and scaffolds for protein delivery in tissue engineering. , 2007, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[23]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Nano-fibrous scaffolding architecture selectively enhances protein adsorption contributing to cell attachment. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[24]  Darrell H. Reneker,et al.  Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers , 1995 .

[25]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[26]  D. Seliktar,et al.  Biosynthetic hydrogel scaffolds made from fibrinogen and polyethylene glycol for 3D cell cultures. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[27]  W. Friess,et al.  Collagen sponges for bone regeneration with rhBMP-2. , 2003, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[28]  Christopher S. Chen,et al.  Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment. , 2004, Developmental cell.

[29]  G. Beck.  Inorganic phosphate as a signaling molecule in osteoblast differentiation , 2003, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[30]  Georg N Duda,et al.  Biomaterial delivery of morphogens to mimic the natural healing cascade in bone. , 2012, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[31]  Shawn M. Sweeney,et al.  Mapping the Ligand-binding Sites and Disease-associated Mutations on the Most Abundant Protein in the Human, Type I Collagen* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[32]  Cato T. Laurencin,et al.  Bone-Graft Substitutes: Facts, Fictions, and Applications , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[33]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Induction of osteoblast differentiation phenotype on poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibrous matrix. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[34]  Benjamin Geiger,et al.  Cell spreading and focal adhesion dynamics are regulated by spacing of integrin ligands. , 2007, Biophysical journal.

[35]  A. Meunier,et al.  Tissue-engineered bone regeneration , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[36]  B. Pourdeyhimi,et al.  Electrospun composite poly(L-lactic acid)/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds induce proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells , 2009, Biomedical materials.

[37]  M. Young,et al.  Osteonectin cDNA sequence reveals potential binding regions for calcium and hydroxyapatite and shows homologies with both a basement membrane protein (SPARC) and a serine proteinase inhibitor (ovomucoid). , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[38]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[39]  M. Casal,et al.  Bone morphogenetic proteins in tissue engineering: the road from laboratory to clinic, part II (BMP delivery) , 2008, Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

[40]  D. Mooney,et al.  Combined Angiogenic and Osteogenic Factor Delivery Enhances Bone Marrow Stromal Cell‐Driven Bone Regeneration , 2004, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[41]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Phase separation, pore structure, and properties of nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[42]  Gerhard Schmidmaier,et al.  What should be the characteristics of the ideal bone graft substitute? Combining scaffolds with growth factors and/or stem cells. , 2011, Injury.

[43]  Min Zhang,et al.  Toward delivery of multiple growth factors in tissue engineering. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[44]  J L West,et al.  Smooth muscle cell growth in photopolymerized hydrogels with cell adhesive and proteolytically degradable domains: synthetic ECM analogs for tissue engineering. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[45]  Christian Jungreuthmayer,et al.  Development of a biomimetic collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone tissue engineering using a SBF immersion technique. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[46]  Steve Weiner,et al.  THE MATERIAL BONE: Structure-Mechanical Function Relations , 1998 .

[47]  Yong Xu,et al.  Pre-osteoblast infiltration and differentiation in highly porous apatite-coated PLLA electrospun scaffolds. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[48]  M. Foss,et al.  Guidance of stem cell fate on 2D patterned surfaces. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[49]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. , 2000, Biomaterials.