Training and Simulation in the Management of Small Renal Masses

1. Modern concepts such as fellowships, telementoring and e-learning can enhance workplace-based training. 2. There are several highly validated robotic VR simulators and basic laparoscopic skills curricula, which should form the first step in LPN and RAPN training. 3. Procedure-specific dry lab and VR trainers are very limited in number and low in evidence base. Thus, simulation-based training should be focused on basic skills acquisition. 4. Human cadavers and live animal models, where available, can be utilised to refine skills as masterclasses at the advanced stage of training. 5. Non-technical skills training should also take place within training using high fidelity or simulation or full immersion simulation.