An innovative approach to battery management and propulsion system of electric/hybrid electric vehicle

There is a growing interest in electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to environmental concerns and fuel deficiency. This paper proposes a novel approach to battery charge indication and propulsion system of electric/HEV. The vehicle dynamics are studied to find an optimal torque–speed profile for the electric propulsion system. The results reveal that the vehicle operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and grade, can be met with minimum power rating if the HEV is operated in the constant power region. The proposed system is analysed using MATLAB software and the results are used in designing a physical model of a vehicle.