Abstract Biomedical materials science is an established field of science since the last few decades. New fabricating methodologies have changed conventional treatment methods as applications of new dental and biomedical materials give better outcomes. Current research is forced on biomimetic approach, a new paradigm regarding expected standards for state-of-the-art patient care. Within the field of dentistry, improvements in dental materials research have led to the current availability of bioactive materials with improved mechanical and physical properties. This chapter provides an in-depth information including properties and applications about dental and biomedical materials based on bioactive components specifically bioactive glass and glass fibers. As a result of current development in this area and with the advancement, the future prospects of bioactive glass fibers are encouraging.