NMR spectroscopy of cells.

The NMR experiments on isolated cell preparations (5, 23, 31) afford control over physiological and biochemical variables that are not under experimental control in intact animals, or in perfused organ systems. For intact tissues, the use of defined cell preparations solves (or circumvents) the problem of spatial localization, which has posed a challenge to in vivo NMR spectroscopy since its inception (21, 96, Koretsky & Williams, this volume). However, this reductionist approach may make the models less relevant to what actually occurs in vivo. In certain cases, intermediate level model systems have been developed, such as the spheroid system, to approximate the tumor cells in vivo (37) and the renal tubule preparation (1, 2, 14,52). NMR studies of cell preparations have presented some unique challenges, many of which es­ sentially have been solved, and this relatively new technology is beginning to generate data not easily obtained by other means. With a few exceptions, this review focuses on studies of mammalian cells, which have been conducted over the past several years. Earlier reviews of NMR spectroscopy of cells and tissues are also noted (3, 5, 18, 21, 31). For reviews on specific subjects, readers are referred to previous surveys on 'H NMR spectroscopy of erythrocytes (94); NMR spectroscopy studies of in­ tracellular ions (13, 46, 47, 107); and studies of yeast cells (19).

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