Co-processing of Turkish High-Sulfur Coals and Their Blends with a Petroleum Asphalt. Part 1: In the Absence of a Catalyst

In this study, two Turkish coals, namely, Cayirhan (CC) and Kangal (KC), characterized by high levels of ash and sulfur, were co-liquefied with petroleum asphalt (Asp) at 400, 425, and 450 °C. The liquefaction/prolysis of coals and petroleum asphalt under nitrogen and hydrogen atmospheres was also performed at 400 °C. The distribution of the main product fractions (total conversion, oil, preasphaltene + asphaltene, and gas) obtained from liquefaction/pyrolysis and co-liquefaction and the detailed chemical composition analyses of liquid products using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) are given. The effect of liquefaction/pyrolysis conditions on the product quality was assessed. These coals showed quite different responses to similar liquefaction conditions because of the structural differences in the main carbon framework and also the differences in mineral matter composition. In all co-liquefaction reactions, the oil yields decreased significantly (10–18%) at 450 °C compared to those at 400 °C...

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