Belief revision and projection in the epistemic situation calculus

Abstract This article considers defeasible beliefs in dynamic settings. In particular, we examine the belief projection problem: what is believed after performing an action and/or receiving new information? The approach is based on an epistemic variant of Reiter's situation calculus, where actions not only have physical effects but may also provide new information to the agent. The preferential belief structure is initially determined using conditional statements. New information is then incorporated using two popular belief revision schemes, namely natural and lexicographic revision. The projection problem is solved twofold in this formalism: by goal regression and by knowledge base progression.

[1]  Alex M. Andrew,et al.  Knowledge in Action: Logical Foundations for Specifying and Implementing Dynamical Systems , 2002 .

[2]  J. Pearl,et al.  On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision , 1994, Artif. Intell..

[3]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  Iterated Belief Revision, Revised , 2005, IJCAI.

[4]  J. McCarthy Situations, Actions, and Causal Laws , 1963 .

[5]  Krister Segerberg Irrevocable Belief Revision in Dynamic Doxastic Logic , 1998, Notre Dame J. Formal Log..

[6]  Donald Nute,et al.  Counterfactuals , 1975, Notre Dame J. Formal Log..

[7]  Ronald Fagin,et al.  Reasoning about knowledge , 1995 .

[8]  Johan van Benthem,et al.  Dynamic logic for belief revision , 2007, J. Appl. Non Class. Logics.

[9]  Richard Booth,et al.  Admissible and Restrained Revision , 2006, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[10]  P G rdenfors,et al.  Knowledge in flux: modeling the dynamics of epistemic states , 1988 .

[11]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  Foundations of a Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[12]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  Revision Sequences and Nested Conditionals , 1993, IJCAI.

[13]  H. V. Ditmarsch Prolegomena to Dynamic Logic for Belief Revision , 2005 .

[14]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  Belief Revision and Progression of Knowledge Bases in the Epistemic Situation Calculus , 2015, IJCAI.

[15]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  A Semantic Account of Iterated Belief Revision in the Situation Calculus , 2014, ECAI.

[16]  Samir Guglani Knowledge , 2016, The Lancet.

[17]  Maurice Pagnucco,et al.  Dynamic belief revision operators , 2003, Artif. Intell..

[18]  I. Levi Iteration of conditionals and the Ramsey test , 1988, Synthese.

[19]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  The logic of knowledge bases , 2000 .

[20]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  Iterated belief change in the situation calculus , 2000, Artif. Intell..

[21]  Philip Hugly,et al.  There Is A Problem with Substitutional Quantification , 2008 .

[22]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  Knowledge, action, and the frame problem , 2003, Artif. Intell..

[23]  John McCarthy,et al.  Programs with common sense , 1960 .

[24]  Marek J. Sergot,et al.  A logic-based calculus of events , 1989, New Generation Computing.

[25]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  From Situation Calculus to Fluent Calculus: State Update Axioms as a Solution to the Inferential Frame Problem , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[26]  W. Hoek,et al.  Dynamic Epistemic Logic , 2007 .

[27]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  Iterated revision and minimal change of conditional beliefs , 1996, J. Philos. Log..

[28]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  Decidable Reasoning in a First-Order Logic of Limited Conditional Belief , 2016, ECAI.

[29]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  Belief Revision , 1995 .

[30]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions , 1985, Journal of Symbolic Logic.

[31]  Wolfgang Spohn,et al.  Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic Theory of Epistemic States , 1988 .

[32]  P. Gärdenfors Belief Revisions and the Ramsey Test for Conditionals , 1986 .

[33]  F. Ramsey General Propositions and Causality , 1931 .

[34]  Hans Rott Coherence and Conservatism in the Dynamics of Belief II: Iterated Belief Change without Dispositional Coherence , 2003, J. Log. Comput..

[35]  Christoph Schwering,et al.  A Reasoning System for a First-Order Logic of Limited Belief , 2017, IJCAI.

[36]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  Cognitive Robotics , 2008, Handbook of Knowledge Representation.

[37]  Maria del Pilar Pozos Parra,et al.  Belief Revision in the Situation Calculus Without Plausibility Levels , 2006, ISMIS.

[38]  Adam J. Grove,et al.  Two modellings for theory change , 1988, J. Philos. Log..

[39]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  A Unified Model of Qualitative Belief Change: A Dynamical Systems Perspective , 1998, Artif. Intell..

[40]  Judea Pearl,et al.  System Z: a Natural Ordering of Defaults with Tractable Applications to Nonmonotonic Reasoning^ , 1990 .

[41]  Pavlos Peppas,et al.  Handbook of Knowledge Representation Edited Belief Revision Pavlos Peppas 8.1 Introduction , 2022 .

[42]  Christoph Schwering Conditional beliefs in action , 2016 .

[43]  James P. Delgrande,et al.  Parallel belief revision: Revising by sets of formulas , 2012, Artif. Intell..

[44]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  A semantic characterization of a useful fragment of the situation calculus with knowledge , 2011, Artif. Intell..

[45]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  Inaccessible Worlds and Irrelevance: Preliminary Report , 1991, IJCAI.

[46]  Yongmei Liu,et al.  Multiagent Knowledge and Belief Change in the Situation Calculus , 2013, AAAI.

[47]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  Belief Revision with Sensing and Fallible Actions , 2012, KR.

[48]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Belief Revision: A Critique , 1996, J. Log. Lang. Inf..

[49]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: A Simple Solution (Sometimes) and a Completeness Result for Goal Regression , 1991, Artificial and Mathematical Theory of Computation.

[50]  Gabriele Kern-Isberner,et al.  Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision , 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[51]  Hans Rott,et al.  Shifting Priorities: Simple Representations for Twenty-Seven Iterated Theory Change Operators , 2009, Towards Mathematical Philosophy.

[52]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  First-Order Strong Progression for Local-Effect Basic Action Theories , 2008, KR.

[53]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  Projection in the Epistemic Situation Calculus with Belief Conditionals , 2015, AAAI.

[54]  Guillaume Aucher,et al.  A Combined System for Update Logic and Belief Revision , 2004, PRIMA.

[55]  H. Kyburg Iterated Belief Change Based on Epistemic Entrenchment* , 1994 .

[56]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States , 2008 .

[57]  Yongmei Liu,et al.  On the Progression of Knowledge and Belief for Nondeterministic Actions in the Situation Calculus , 2015, IJCAI.

[58]  Alexandru Baltag,et al.  A qualitative theory of dynamic interactive belief revision , 2008 .

[59]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  How to progress a database III , 2013, Artif. Intell..

[60]  Fangzhen Lin,et al.  How to Progress a Database , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[61]  Hooman Samani,et al.  Cognitive Robotics , 2015, MIWAI.