Temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) provide a versatile, cost-effective and reproducible in vitro analysis of the response of pineapple shoots to salinity and drought

Effects of salinity (NaCl) and the carbon source mannitol (0–200 mM) on micropropagation of pineapple cv. MD2 were analyzed in temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs). Shoot multiplication rate, shoot cluster fresh weight and levels of aldehydes, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenolics were determined in the plant material. The content of soluble phenolics in the culture medium was also evaluated. NaCl or mannitol above concentrations of 50 mM decreased pineapple shoot multiplication and fresh weight significantly. Two hundred mM NaCl decreased multiplication rate by 71.5% and cluster fresh weight by 40.0%. NaCl increased 2.4 times the levels of other aldehydes; 1.4 times the soluble phenolics in shoots; and 1.4 times the phenolics excreted to the culture medium. On the other hand, mannitol decreased the multiplication rate and cluster fresh weight by about 60%. Mannitol increased the contents of chlorophyll b 1.4 times and soluble phenolics 2.1 times. Results indicated that pineapple cv. MD2 is more sensitive to NaCl than to mannitol. Multiplication rates indicate that a 50% reduction was obtained with 37.4 mM NaCl and 66.5 mM mannitol. These concentrations can be used to stress shoots during micropropagation in TIBs and screen for/detect somaclonal variants with an increased salinity or drought tolerance.

[1]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures , 1962 .

[2]  L. Packer,et al.  Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. , 1968, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[3]  G. Ben-hayyim,et al.  Growth characteristics and stability of tolerance of citrus callus cells subjected to NaCl stress , 1982 .

[4]  J. Brachet,et al.  Changes in the Total Alkaloid Content of Datura innoxia Mill. Subjected to Salt Stress , 1986 .

[5]  H. Lichtenthaler.  CHLOROPHYLL AND CAROTENOIDS: PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC BIOMEMBRANES , 1987 .

[6]  K. A. Bhagwat,et al.  Polyamines as modulators of salt tolerance in rice cultivars. , 1989, Plant physiology.

[7]  C. Cabot,et al.  A genetic hybridization programme for improving pineapple quality , 1990 .

[8]  R. Hoagland.  Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) , 1990 .

[9]  B. Demmig‐Adams,et al.  Photoprotection and Other Responses of Plants to High Light Stress , 1992 .

[10]  H. Griffiths,et al.  Water deficits: plant responses from cell to community. , 1993 .

[11]  Nicholas Smirnoff,et al.  The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. , 1993, The New phytologist.

[12]  R. Dixon,et al.  Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. , 1995, The Plant cell.

[13]  S. Adkins,et al.  Somaclonal Variation in Rice ̵2 Drought Tolerance and Other Agronomic Characters , 1995 .

[14]  L. Filippis,et al.  Physiological and oxidative response to NaCl of the salt tolerant Grevillea ilicifolia and the salt sensitive Grevillea arenaria , 1999 .

[15]  Maritza Escalona,et al.  Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) micropropagation in temporary immersion systems , 1999, Plant Cell Reports.

[16]  Houguo Liang,et al.  Effects of water stress and rewatering on turnover and gene expression of photosystem II reaction center polypeptide D1 in Zea mays , 1999 .

[17]  Lazăr,et al.  Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction1 , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[18]  A. Kadıoğlu,et al.  Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler , 2000 .

[19]  Inactivation of Arabidopsis SIP1 leads to reduced levels of sugars and drought tolerance , 2001 .

[20]  B. Winkel-Shirley,et al.  Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress. , 2002, Current opinion in plant biology.

[21]  H. Fujiyama,et al.  Characteristics of Nitrate Uptake by Plants Under Salinity , 2002 .

[22]  José Carlos Lorenzo,et al.  Production of pineapple transgenic plants assisted by temporary immersion bioreactors , 2002, Plant Cell Reports.

[23]  R. J. Porra,et al.  The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b , 2004, Photosynthesis Research.

[24]  D. Wolfe,et al.  Suppression of polyphenol oxidases increases stress tolerance in tomato , 2004 .

[25]  J. Gindaba,et al.  Response of seedlings of two Eucalyptus and three deciduous tree species from Ethiopia to severe water stress , 2004 .

[26]  Yanxiu Zhao,et al.  Engineering of enhanced glycine betaine synthesis improves drought tolerance in maize. , 2004, Plant biotechnology journal.

[27]  D. Inzé,et al.  Cell Cycle Modulation in the Response of the Primary Root of Arabidopsis to Salt Stress1 , 2004, Plant Physiology.

[28]  S. Lutts,et al.  Somaclonal Variation in Rice after Two Successive Cycles of Mature Embryo Derived Callus Culture in the Presence of NaCl , 2001, Biologia Plantarum.

[29]  S. Fry,et al.  Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants , 2005 .

[30]  M. Talón,et al.  Carbohydrate Depletion in Roots and Leaves of Salt-Stressed Potted Citrus clementina L. , 2005, Plant Growth Regulation.

[31]  R. Munns.  Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. , 2005, The New phytologist.

[32]  J. Botella,et al.  Present and future potential of pineapple biotechnology , 2005 .

[33]  W. Kim,et al.  Constitutive expression of abiotic stress‐inducible hot pepper CaXTH3, which encodes a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase homolog, improves drought and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants , 2006, FEBS letters.

[34]  J. Power,et al.  Genetically manipulated pineapple: transgene stability, gene expression and herbicide tolerance under field conditions , 2006 .

[35]  S. Hörtensteiner.  Chlorophyll degradation during senescence. , 2006, Annual review of plant biology.

[36]  A. Gupta,et al.  Effect of salinity and different nitrogen sources on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid content in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. , 2006, Journal of plant physiology.

[37]  P. Haldimann,et al.  Photosynthetic performance and water relations in young pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) trees during drought stress and recovery. , 2007, The New phytologist.

[38]  B. Ma,et al.  Growth, Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Ion Content of Naked Oat in Response to Salinity , 2007 .

[39]  D. Schachtman,et al.  Chemical root to shoot signaling under drought. , 2008, Trends in plant science.

[40]  D. Chao,et al.  A previously unknown zinc finger protein, DST, regulates drought and salt tolerance in rice via stomatal aperture control. , 2009, Genes & development.

[41]  J. Ceusters,et al.  Determination of pineapple (Ananas comosus, MD-2 hybrid cultivar) plant maturity, the efficiency of flowering induction agents and the use of activated carbon , 2009 .

[42]  M. Herrero,et al.  Global warming and sexual plant reproduction. , 2009, Trends in plant science.

[43]  A. Rivelli,et al.  GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF HYDROPONICALLY-GROWN SUNFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY SALINITY AND MAGNESIUM LEVELS , 2010 .

[44]  J. A. G. Silveira,et al.  The role of organic and inorganic solutes in the osmotic adjustment of drought-stressed Jatropha curcas plants , 2010 .

[45]  S. Bourgou,et al.  Drought effects on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities in aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L. , 2011, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.

[46]  J. Mérillon,et al.  Phenolic profiles of pineapple fruits (Ananas comosus L. Merrill) Influence of the origin of suckers , 2011 .

[47]  B. Kräutler,et al.  Chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. , 2011, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[48]  V. Gimeno,et al.  Jatropha curcas seedlings show a water conservation strategy under drought conditions based on decreasing leaf growth and stomatal conductance , 2012 .

[49]  V. Gimeno,et al.  The tolerance of Jatropha curcas seedlings to NaCl: an ecophysiological analysis. , 2012, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[50]  H. Benhassaini,et al.  Effet du stress salin sur la croissance, l'accumulation de la proline et des sucres solubles sur des plantules porte-greffe de Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica , 2012 .

[51]  N. Karimi,et al.  Enhancement of compatible solute and secondary metabolites production in Plantago ovata Forsk. by salinity stress , 2012 .

[52]  M. Belkhodja,et al.  Effect of salt stress on growth and accumulation of proline and soluble sugars on plantlets of Pistacia atlantica Desf . subsp . atlantica used as rootstocks , 2012 .

[53]  D. Selmar,et al.  Influencing the product quality by deliberately applying drought stress during the cultivation of medicinal plants , 2013 .

[54]  E. M. Wade,et al.  Manipulating the antioxidant capacity of halophytes to increase their cultural and economic value through saline cultivation , 2014, AoB PLANTS.

[55]  José Carlos Lorenzo,et al.  Identification of Discriminant Factors after Exposure of Maize and Common Bean Plantlets to Abiotic Stresses , 2015 .

[56]  D. de Vos,et al.  Grassland species differentially regulate proline concentrations under future climate conditions: an integrated biochemical and modelling approach , 2015, The New phytologist.

[57]  G. Beemster,et al.  Drought Induces Distinct Growth Response, Protection, and Recovery Mechanisms in the Maize Leaf Growth Zone1[OPEN] , 2015, Plant Physiology.

[58]  E. Martín,et al.  Piña tropical ("Ananas comosus" L.): origen, distribución e importancia. Variedades y germoplasma , 2015 .

[59]  Satyawati Sharma,et al.  Biomass Yield and Steviol Glycoside Production in Callus and Suspension Culture of Stevia rebaudiana Treated with Proline and Polyethylene Glycol , 2015, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

[60]  S. Mousavi,et al.  Effects of some elicitors on tanshinone production in adventitious root cultures of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel , 2015 .

[61]  José Carlos Lorenzo,et al.  Coefficient of Variation Can Identify the Most Important Effects of Experimental Treatments , 2015 .

[62]  A. Mujib,et al.  NaCl amendment improves vinblastine and vincristine synthesis in Catharanthusroseus: a case of stress signalling as evidenced by antioxidant enzymes activities , 2015, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC).

[63]  K. Nagel,et al.  Screening for drought tolerance of maize hybrids by multi-scale analysis of root and shoot traits at the seedling stage. , 2016, Journal of experimental botany.

[64]  José Carlos Lorenzo,et al.  The third vegetative generation of a field-grown transgenic pineapple clone shows minor side effects of transformation on plant physiological parameters , 2016, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC).

[65]  Physiological and morphological response to drought stress in seedlings of ten citrus , 2016, Trees.

[66]  R. Vishwakarma,et al.  Mannitol Stress Directs Flavonoid Metabolism toward Synthesis of Flavones via Differential Regulation of Two Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Coleus forskohlii , 2016, Front. Plant Sci..

[67]  J. M. Al-Khayri,et al.  Abiotic and Biotic Elicitors–Role in Secondary Metabolites Production through In Vitro Culture of Medicinal Plants , 2016 .

[68]  D. Sarmah.  Somaclonal Variation and its’ Application in Ornamentals Plants , 2017 .

[69]  Ro,et al.  Development and Agronomic Evaluation of In Vitro Somaclonal Variation inSweet Potato Regenerated Plants from Direct Organogenesis of Roots , 2017 .

[70]  J. Papenbrock,et al.  Changes in secondary metabolites in the halophytic putative crop species Crithmum maritimum L., Triglochin maritima L. and Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen as reaction to mild salinity , 2017, PloS one.

[71]  APPLICATION METHODS FOR CONVENTIONAL AND MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) IN ABIOTIC STRESSES , 2017 .

[72]  M. Quiroga,et al.  In vitro selection and characterization of buffelgrass somaclones with different responses to water stress , 2017, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC).

[73]  M. Fuller,et al.  Growth, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, and anti-oxidative enzyme content in drought-stressed date palm embryogenic callus suspension induced by polyethylene glycol , 2017, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.

[74]  G. Beemster,et al.  High Antioxidant Activity Facilitates Maintenance of Cell Division in Leaves of Drought Tolerant Maize Hybrids , 2017, Front. Plant Sci..

[75]  Use of RAPD Markers to Characterize Salt and Drought Lines of Sugarcane , 2017 .

[76]  R. M. Ali,et al.  Response of salt stressed barley seedlings to phenylurea , 2018 .