Cooperative MIMO Relaying with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes in Wireless Channels with and without Keyholes

Cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying is investigated in the paper. We introduce DFAF selection MIMO relaying, where the relay equipped with multiple antennas can adaptively switch between decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) according to its decoding state of the sourcemessage. We consider two wireless environment scenarios: 1)The scenario with traditional channels are considered firstly. We analyze the outage performance of DF-AF selection MIMO relaying, and a closed-form expression is derived. In addition, the diversity order is obtained based on the expression. For comparison purpose, we also obtain the closed-form outage probability and the diversity order for the AF MIMO relaying and the DF MIMO relaying. 2)We investigate the cooperative MIMO relaying in the presnece of keyholes secondly. We present performance analysis of orthogonal space-time block coded transmission for a cooperative MIMO relaying system with keyholes. For DF MIMO relaying, exact outage probability and symbol error probability (SEP) are obtained. Regarding AF MIMO relaying and DF-AF selection MIMO relaying, the lower and upper bounds are derived. In both traditional and keyhole scenarios, theoretical analysis which has been further verified through Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that the DF-AF selection MIMO relaying has better performance than the AF MIMO relaying and the DF MIMO relaying. Received on 09 October 2013; accepted on 09 December 2013; published on 14 July 2014

[1]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Keyhole Effect in MIMO Wireless Channels: Measurements and Theory , 2006, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[2]  J. Borwein,et al.  Pi and the AGM: A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity , 1998 .

[3]  Zhigang Cao,et al.  DF-AF selection MIMO relaying with orthogonal space-time block codes in wireless networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC).

[4]  Reinaldo A. Valenzuela,et al.  Keyholes, correlations and capacities of multi-element transmit and receive antennas , 2001, IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37202).

[5]  Mostafa Kaveh,et al.  Exact symbol error probability of a Cooperative network in a Rayleigh-fading environment , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Siavash M. Alamouti,et al.  A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[7]  Tomoaki Ohtsuki,et al.  The MIMO Relay Channel in the Presence of Keyhole Effects , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[8]  Matthew R. McKay,et al.  Analytical Performance of Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relaying with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[9]  Helmut Bölcskei,et al.  MIMO wireless channels: capacity and performance prediction , 2000, Globecom '00 - IEEE. Global Telecommunications Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37137).

[10]  Tho Le-Ngoc,et al.  On Symbol and Bit Error Probabilities of Orthogonal Space-Time Block codes with Antenna Selection over Keyhole Fading Channels , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[11]  Richard D. Neidinger.  An efficient method for the numerical evaluation of partial derivatives of arbitrary order , 1992, TOMS.

[12]  B. Davies,et al.  Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform: A Survey and Comparison of Methods , 1979 .

[13]  Bo Wang,et al.  On the capacity of MIMO relay channels , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[14]  Khaled Ben Letaief,et al.  On the Error Probability of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes Over Keyhole MIMO Channels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[15]  Gerard J. Foschini,et al.  Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas , 1996, Bell Labs Technical Journal.

[16]  Umberto Spagnolini,et al.  Cooperative Space-Time Coded Transmissions in Nakagami-m Fading Channels , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[17]  Aria Nosratinia,et al.  Space-time codes in keyhole channels: analysis and design , 2004, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04..

[18]  Matthew C. Valenti,et al.  Some New Adaptive Protocols for the Wireless Relay Channel , 2003 .

[19]  Xin Liu,et al.  On optimum selection relaying protocols in cooperative wireless networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[20]  Caijun Zhong,et al.  Ergodic sum rate analysis of Rayleigh product MIMO channels with linear MMSE receiver , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings.

[21]  James K. Cavers,et al.  Transparent Amplify-and-Forward Relaying in MIMO Relay Channels , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[22]  M. Gharavi-Alkhansari,et al.  Exact symbol error probability of orthogonal space-time block codes , 2003, The Thrity-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, 2003.

[23]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  Performance Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Detection for Decode and Forward MIMO Relay Channels in Rayleigh Fading , 2009, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[24]  Robert Schober,et al.  Asymptotic Analysis of Space-Time Codes in Generalized Keyhole Fading Channels , 2011, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[25]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[26]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  Nonregenerative Dual-Hop Cooperative Links with Selection Diversity , 2006, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[27]  Yong Liang Guan,et al.  Performance Analysis of -PSK/ -QAM Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes in Keyhole Channels , 2009, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[28]  R. Valenzuela,et al.  Capacities of multi-element transmit and receive antennas: Correlations and keyholes , 2000 .

[29]  I. S. Gradshteyn,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1976 .

[30]  Chau Yuen,et al.  Dual-Hop MIMO Amplify-and-Forward Relay Channel Capacity with Keyhole Effect , 2011, IEEE Communications Letters.

[31]  A. Robert Calderbank,et al.  Space-time block coding for wireless communications: performance results , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[32]  Salama Ikki,et al.  On the Performance Analysis of a MIMO-Relaying Scheme With Space–Time Block Codes , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[33]  Arogyaswami Paulraj,et al.  Space-time block codes: a capacity perspective , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[34]  Xin Wang,et al.  Adaptive exploitation of cooperative relay for high performance communications in MIMO ad hoc networks , 2010, The 7th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (IEEE MASS 2010).

[35]  Elza Erkip,et al.  User cooperation diversity. Part I. System description , 2003, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[36]  Luc Vandendorpe,et al.  MIMO Relay Design for Multipoint-to-Multipoint Communications With Imperfect Channel State Information , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[37]  Hyundong Shin,et al.  Effect of keyholes on the symbol error rate of space-time block codes , 2003, IEEE Communications Letters.

[38]  Jean-Claude Belfiore,et al.  On the Diversity of Rayleigh Product Channels , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.

[39]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Coded Communication over Fading Channels , 2005 .

[40]  Theodoros A. Tsiftsis,et al.  OSTBC Transmission in MIMO AF Relay Systems with Keyhole and Spatial Correlation Effects , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[41]  T. Zhang.  Performance analysis of cooperative multiple-input multiple-output relaying with orthogonal space-time block codes (STBCs) in the presence of keyhole effects , 2012, IET Commun..

[42]  Zhigang Cao,et al.  Opportunistic DF-AF selection relaying with optimal relay selection in Nakagami-m fading environments , 2012, 2012 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC).

[43]  Luc Vandendorpe,et al.  Outage probability analysis of a MIMO relay channel with orthogonal space-time block codes , 2008, IEEE Communications Letters.

[44]  Joachim Speidel,et al.  Ergodic Capacity and Information Outage Probability of MIMO Nakagami-m Keyhole Channels with General Branch Parameters , 2007, 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[45]  Caijun Zhong,et al.  MIMO rayleigh-product channels with co-channel interference , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[46]  Hyundong Shin,et al.  MIMO cooperative diversity with scalar-gain amplify-and-forward relaying , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[47]  Branimir R. Vojcic,et al.  Performance of Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Rayleigh Fading with Turbo Codes , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings.

[48]  A. N. Stokes,et al.  An Improved Method for Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms , 1982 .

[49]  Yong Liang Guan,et al.  Performance Analysis of Space-Time Block Codes in Nakagami-m Keyhole Channels with Arbitrary Fading Parameters , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[50]  Liang Yang,et al.  Performance Analysis of MIMO Relay Wireless Networks With Orthogonal STBC , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[51]  Kin K. Leung,et al.  Cooperative Orthogonal MIMO-Relaying for UWB Ad-Hoc Networks , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[52]  Murat Uysal,et al.  Cooperative Diversity with Multiple-Antenna Nodes in Fading Relay Channels , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[53]  David Gesbert,et al.  From theory to practice: an overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems , 2003, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[54]  Are Hjørungnes,et al.  Symbol Error Rate Analysis of Spatially Correlated Keyhole MIMO Channels with Space-Time Block Coding and Linear Precoding , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.