Whole‐exome sequencing solves diagnostic dilemma in a rare case of sporadic acrokeratosis verruciformis

riasis and in some patients the increasing severity of psoriasis may have a more negative impact for the patient than the actual malignancy diagnosis. In these circumstances, both the physician and the patient need to weigh the risks against the benefits of selecting alternative treatment methods. It has to be acknowledged that all six patients were exposed to systemic treatments before starting biologics and it may be the case that malignancies while taking biologics are more common because of the preceding immunosuppressive burden. In five of our six patients, systemic therapy was introduced following malignancy diagnosis but despite this approach, they had recalcitrant psoriasis with suboptimal control. Until more data including information on the cancer risk profile of biologic and systemic therapies are available, through the ongoing dermatology intervention registries, it is difficult to postulate if the solid tumours observed in our cohort are related or not, to biologic therapy. Our experience, also confirmed that there are limited treatment options for psoriasis patients who develop malignancy.

[1]  R. Parker,et al.  Quantification and comparison of psychiatric distress in African patients with albinism and vitiligo: a 5‐year prospective study , 2014, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[2]  D. West,et al.  Melanoma associated with tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitors: a Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports (RADAR) project , 2014, The British journal of dermatology.

[3]  M. Indelman,et al.  Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf Showing P602L Mutation in ATP2A2 and Overlapping Histopathological Features With Darier Disease , 2012, The American Journal of dermatopathology.

[4]  E. Berardesca,et al.  Safety of anti-TNFα agents in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis , 2012, Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.

[5]  Hei Sung Kim,et al.  Non-familial Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf , 2011, Annals of dermatology.

[6]  M. DePristo,et al.  The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. , 2010, Genome research.

[7]  A. Finlay,et al.  British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis 2009 , 2009, The British journal of dermatology.

[8]  M. Lebwohl,et al.  Treatments for psoriasis and the risk of malignancy. , 2009, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[9]  Daniel B. Shin,et al.  The risk of lymphoma in patients with psoriasis. , 2006, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[10]  H. Zeeb,et al.  Albinism in Africa as a public health issue , 2006, BMC public health.

[11]  E. Rallis,et al.  Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (Hopf disease): case report and review of the literature. , 2005, Dermatology online journal.

[12]  B. Ezeilo Psychological aspects of albinism: an exploratory study with Nigerian (Igbo) albino subjects. , 1989, Social science & medicine.