Hexazinone Dissipation in Forest Ecosystems and Impacts on Aquatic Communities

De l'hexazinone (ingredient actif) a ete applique par voie aerienne sous formes granulaire (Velpar ULW) et liquide (Velpar L) dans des bassins versants du piemont de l'Alabama, aux Etats-Unis, au taux de 6,72 kg.ha -1 , c'est-a-dire trois fois le taux recommande pour ce site. Un bassin versant non traite a servi de temoin. Nous avons determine la demi-vie en jours de l'hexazinone pour le Velpar ULW (plantes, 26-59; litiere, 55; sol nu, 68; sol recouvert de litiere, 74) et le Velpar L (plantes, 19-36; litiere, 56; sol nu, 77; sol recouvert de litiere, 275). Les concentrations maximales d'hezazinone dans les ruisseaux (422 μg.L -1 pour le Velpar ULW; 473 μg.L -1 pour le Velpar L) ont ete observees lors de l'application et resultaient directement de l'application aerienne. Les concentrations d'hezazinone dans les ruisseaux ont connu des pointes a plusieurs reprises lors des orages pendant les premiers 30 jours (56-70 μg.L -1 pour le Velpar ULW; 145-230 μg.L -1 pour le Velpar L) et etaient diluees de trois a cinq fois a 1,6 km en aval. Les metabolites de l'hezazinone ont aussi ete suivis. L'exposition des macro-invertebres a l'hexazinone n'a pas altere la structure de la communaute benthique. La richesse en taxons, incluant les insectes sensibles a la pollution, n'etait pas significativement differente avec ou sans traitement a l'hexazinone. Les macro-invertebres benthiques dans les ruisseaux du piemont du sud-est des Etats-Unis ne semblent pas affectes par l'hexazinone au niveau d'exposition observe dans cette etude.

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