Energy Aware Clustering Protocol(EACP) For Heterogeneous WSNs

Energy saving to prolong the network life is an important design issue while developing a new routing protocol for wireless sensor network. Clustering is a key technique for this and helps in maximizing the network lifetime and scalability. Most of the routing and data dissemination protocols of WSN assume a homogeneous network architecture, in which all sensors have the same capabilities in terms of battery power, communication, sensing, storage, and processing. Recently, there has been an interest in heterogeneous sensor networks, especially for real deployments. This research paper has proposed a new energy aware clustering protocol (EACP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Heterogeneity is introduced in EACP by using two types of nodes: normal and advanced. In EACP cluster heads for normal nodes are elected with the help of a probability scheme based on residual and average energy of the normal nodes. This will ensure that only the high residual normal nodes can become the cluster head in a round. Advanced nodes use a separate probability based scheme for cluster head election and they will further act as a gateway for normal cluster heads and transmit their data load to base station when they are not doing the duty of a cluster head. Finally a sleep state is suggested for some sensor nodes during cluster formation phase to save network energy. The performance of EACP is compared with SEP and simulation result shows the better result for stability period, network life and energy saving than SEP.

[1]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  EBRP: Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[2]  Yu-Jie Huang,et al.  An Energy Efficient Routing Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (aina workshops 2008).

[3]  Hee Yong Youn,et al.  An Energy Efficient Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications (ICCSA 2007).

[4]  Dongmin Choi,et al.  An energy-efficient clustering for normal distributed sensor networks , 2010, ICSE 2010.

[5]  Debnath Bhattacharyya,et al.  A Comparative Study of Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Routing Protocols , 2010, Sensors.

[6]  Bharat Bhushan,et al.  MEECDA: Multihop Energy Efficient Clustering and Data Aggregation Protocol for HWSN , 2014, ArXiv.

[7]  Li Qing,et al.  Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[8]  D.P. Agrawal,et al.  APTEEN: a hybrid protocol for efficient routing and comprehensive information retrieval in wireless , 2002, Proceedings 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.

[9]  Dimitrios D. Vergados,et al.  Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[10]  M. R. Tripathy,et al.  Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2012, 2012 Second International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies.

[11]  Azer Bestavros,et al.  SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2004 .

[12]  Edward J. Coyle,et al.  An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[13]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[14]  Ossama Younis,et al.  HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[15]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  Survey of Extended LEACH-Based Clustering Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems.

[16]  Zhu Yong,et al.  A Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm Based on Distance and Residual Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012 .

[17]  Sadiq M. Sait,et al.  International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) , 2011 .

[18]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[19]  Neeraj Kumar,et al.  A systematic review on clustering and routing techniques based upon LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[20]  Aamir Saeed Malik,et al.  Energy consumption balancing (ECB) issues and mechanisms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): a comprehensive overview , 2011, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[21]  Xuxun Liu,et al.  A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, Sensors.

[22]  Ying Liao,et al.  Load-Balanced Clustering Algorithm With Distributed Self-Organization for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[23]  JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI,et al.  Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2004, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[24]  Ameer Ahmed Abbasi,et al.  A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks , 2007, Comput. Commun..

[25]  A. Manjeshwar,et al.  TEEN: a routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks , 2001, Proceedings 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IPDPS 2001.