Self‐Sustained Thin Webs Consisting of Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitors via the Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Solutions Containing Zinc Chloride

Currently, intrinsicproblems, such as their limited available amount of chargeand high cost, combined with their low effective specific sur-face areas, limit the practical usage of carbon nanotubes asthe electrode material in supercapacitors.Recently, we reported another route to fibrous carbon ma-terials (ca. 300 nm) that relies on an electrospinning step withsubsequent steam activation.

[1]  Jim P. Zheng,et al.  Ruthenium Oxide‐Carbon Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors , 1999 .

[2]  M. Feldman,et al.  Electrospun Polyaniline/Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐Derived Turbostratic Carbon Micro‐/Nanotubes , 2006 .

[3]  Younan Xia,et al.  Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel? , 2004 .

[4]  Burak Erman,et al.  Electrospinning of polyurethane fibers , 2002 .

[5]  F. Béguin,et al.  Electrochemical storage of energy in carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbons , 2002 .

[6]  Hak Yong Kim,et al.  Transport properties of electrospun nylon 6 nonwoven mats , 2003 .

[7]  B. Conway Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications , 1999 .

[8]  Gyula J. Vancso,et al.  Process optimization and empirical modeling for electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber precursor of carbon nanofibers , 2005 .

[9]  Robert Schlögl,et al.  Structural characterization of N-containing activated carbon fibers prepared from a low softening point petroleum pitch and a melamine resin , 2002 .

[10]  Seong Chu Lim,et al.  Supercapacitors Using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes , 2001 .

[11]  J. Lahaye,et al.  Porous structure and surface chemistry of nitrogen containing carbons from polymers , 1999 .

[12]  Darrell H. Reneker,et al.  Carbon nanofibers from polyacrylonitrile and mesophase pitch , 1999 .

[13]  Xiaoyan Yuan,et al.  Study on morphology of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) mats , 2005 .

[14]  Z. Yue,et al.  Preparation of fibrous porous materials by chemical activation , 2002 .

[15]  Atsushi Nishino,et al.  Capacitors: operating principles, current market and technical trends , 1996 .

[16]  A. Hollenkamp,et al.  Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors , 2006 .

[17]  P. Rouxhet,et al.  Bulk and surface chemical functionalities of type III PAN-based carbon fibres , 2003 .

[18]  M. Monthioux,et al.  An EELS study of the structural and chemical transformation of PAN polymer to solid carbon , 2004 .

[19]  R. Hoch,et al.  High power electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube electrodes , 1997 .

[20]  J. Santiago-Avilés,et al.  Conductivity measurement of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofiber , 2002 .

[21]  R. Hesse,et al.  Change of chemical bonding of nitrogen of polymeric N-heterocyclic compounds during pyrolysis , 1999 .

[22]  J. Santiago-Avilés,et al.  Raman characterization of carbon nanofibers prepared using electrospinning , 2003 .

[23]  Timothy E. Long,et al.  Correlations of solution rheology with electrospun fiber formation of linear and branched polyesters , 2004 .

[24]  K. Méténier,et al.  Supercapacitor electrodes from multiwalled carbon nanotubes , 2000 .

[25]  I. Tanahashi,et al.  Effect of concentration of surface acidic functional groups on electric double-layer properties of activated carbon fibers , 1990 .

[26]  N. Yalçın,et al.  Studies of the surface area and porosity of activated carbons prepared from rice husks , 2000 .

[27]  Shu-ying Gu,et al.  Preparation and structures of electrospun PAN nanofibers as a precursor of carbon nanofibers , 2005 .

[28]  M. S. Dresselhaus,et al.  Capacitance and Pore-Size Distribution in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes Using Various Activated Carbon Electrodes , 2001 .

[29]  F. Béguin,et al.  Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors , 2001 .

[30]  W. N. Turner,et al.  The pyrolysis of acrylic fiber in inert atmosphere. I. Reactions up to 400°C , 1969 .

[31]  F. Rodríguez-Reinoso,et al.  Preparation of activated carbon cloth from viscous rayon , 2001 .

[32]  J. Heath,et al.  Electrochemical Characterization of Films of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Possible Application in Supercapacitors , 1999 .

[33]  C. Kim,et al.  Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber web as an electrode for supercapacitor prepared by electrospinning , 2003 .