Industrial park wastewater deeply treated and reused by a novel electrochemical oxidation reactor

Abstract Effluent from industrial park sewage treatment plants contains residual contaminants that are mostly composed of non-degradable substances, which results in pollution of local aquatic systems. In this study, a novel electro-oxidation reactor for industrial park wastewater treatment was developed and described. The developed reactor was based on plug flow through meshed plate electrodes composed of titanium (Ti) as cathodes and Ti/PbO 2 as anodes. The system could decompose residual pollutants completely and efficiently. Under the optimal operating conditions of neutral pH, a flow cross-velocity of 0.75 m h −1 , a current density of 5.0 mA cm −2 , and a surface-to-volume ratio of 0.25 m 2  m −3 , the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color of wastewater from an industrial park sewage treatment plant decreased to below 60.0 mg L −1 and 20 Hazen, respectively, after 30 min of electrolysis. Additionally, the microbial content decreased from 7 × 10 4  CFU mL −1 to 0 CFU mL −1 during electro-oxidation, the COD current efficiency was 16.55%, and the energy consumption for 1 ton of effluent was 4.12 kWh. The operating cost for effluent was $0.57 per ton according to the local electricity price of $0.14 kWh −1 for industries. The effluent quality after deep treatment met the needs of recycling water quality and could be reused for miscellaneous water consumption and scenic purposes, resulting in reduced use of water resources and pollution.

[1]  Dhorgham Skban Ibrahim,et al.  Flow dynamics and mass transfer studies in a tubular electrochemical reactor with a mesh electrode , 2013 .

[2]  Alessandro Galia,et al.  Oxidation of organics in water in microfluidic electrochemical reactors: Theoretical model and experiments , 2011 .

[3]  Rüdiger Kötz,et al.  Electrochemical waste water treatment using high overvoltage anodes Part II: Anode performance and applications , 1991 .

[4]  Guohua Chen.  Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment , 2004 .

[5]  João G. Crespo,et al.  Characterization of fluid dynamics and mass-transfer in an electrochemical oxidation cell by experimental and CFD studies , 2010 .

[6]  Xing-Zheng Wu,et al.  Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–RuO2/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 electrodes for pollutants degradation , 2011 .

[7]  Marcos R. V. Lanza,et al.  Cyanide Oxidation from Wastewater in a Flow Electrochemical Reactor , 2002 .

[8]  Nicolas Kalogerakis,et al.  Electrochemical oxidation of olive oil mill wastewaters. , 2005, Water research.

[9]  Jinren Ni,et al.  Destination of organic pollutants during electrochemical oxidation of biologically-pretreated dye wastewater using boron-doped diamond anode. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[10]  P. Singer.  Control of Disinfection By‐Products in Drinking Water , 1994 .

[11]  Thomas W. Chapman,et al.  Industrial wastewaters treated by electrocoagulation , 2010 .

[12]  Parag R Gogate,et al.  Wastewater treatment using hybrid treatment schemes based on cavitation and Fenton chemistry: a review. , 2014, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[13]  K. Palanivelu,et al.  Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater. , 2004, Journal of hazardous materials.

[14]  Jack Legrand,et al.  Entrance effect on mass transfer in a parallel plate electrochemical reactor , 2001 .

[15]  Mokhtar Arami,et al.  Decolorization and aromatic ring degradation of colored textile wastewater using indirect electrochemical oxidation method , 2009 .

[16]  Guohua Chen,et al.  Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Processes , 2007 .

[17]  I. Oller,et al.  Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination--a review. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[18]  Nicolas Kalogerakis,et al.  Electrochemical treatment of textile dyes and dyehouse effluents. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[19]  S. Elmaleh,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide production by water electrolysis: Application to disinfection , 2001 .

[20]  Siddhartha Datta,et al.  Advanced oxidation process and biotreatment: Their roles in combined industrial wastewater treatment , 2010 .

[21]  Norio Sugiura,et al.  Water disinfection by electrochemical treatment. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[22]  François Zaviska,et al.  Electrochemical treatment of bisphenol-A using response surface methodology , 2012, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry.

[23]  Santosh Satya,et al.  Treatment of low strength industrial cluster wastewater by anaerobic hybrid reactor. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[24]  Pablo Cañizares,et al.  The Treatment of Actual Industrial Wastewaters Using Electrochemical Techniques , 2013, Electrocatalysis.

[25]  Jinren Ni,et al.  Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrodes. , 2009, Water research.

[26]  Mohamed Helmy Abdel-Aziz,et al.  Mass transfer intensification in an annular electrochemical reactor by an inert fixed bed under various hydrodynamic conditions , 2011 .

[27]  B C Zoeteman,et al.  Mutagenic activity associated with by-products of drinking water disinfection by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and UV-irradiation. , 1982, Environmental health perspectives.

[28]  Tsong‐Jen Yang,et al.  Performance of nano- and nonnano-catalytic electrodes for decontaminating municipal wastewater. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[29]  Minghua Zhou,et al.  Electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon loaded with p-nitrophenol in a fluidized electrochemical reactor , 2006 .