A Robust Embedding Scheme and an Efficient Evaluation Protocol for 3D Meshes Watermarking

This paper proposes two main contributions. In the first one, a 3D mesh watermarking using Maximally Stable Meshes detection and multi-signatures embedding is presented. The originality of this scheme is to detect the attack type applied on marked mesh. In plus, it is robust against numerous attacks, blind and invisible. The proposed scheme uses the Maximally Stable meshes MSMs to insert signature. After MSMs detection using an extension of Maximally Stable Efficient Regions, three MSMs are selected to be marked. Then, three different signatures are embedded using three different watermarking schemes. This embedding allows knowing the type of the applied attack by detecting which of the signatures resisted. In more, it maximizes robustness by profiting from advantages of every scheme. The second contribution is a new evaluation protocol for 3D watermarking which allows generating a performance score for 3D mesh watermarking schemes. This protocol is based on six criteria having different weights in performance score computing. Finally, this protocol is used to evaluate the proposed watermarking scheme and to compare it with other algorithms. The obtained results verified the good performances of the proposed algorithm which presents the highest score.

[1]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[2]  Pierre Alliez,et al.  Mesh approximation using a volume-based metric , 1999, Proceedings. Seventh Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Cat. No.PR00293).

[3]  Oliver Benedens,et al.  Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[4]  Gabriel Taubin,et al.  Geometric Signal Processing on Polygonal Meshes , 2000, Eurographics.

[5]  John C. Grundy,et al.  A visual language for design pattern modelling and instantiation , 2001, Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587).

[6]  A. Guezlec,et al.  "Meshsweeper": dynamic point-to-polygonal mesh distance and applications , 2001 .

[7]  Sun-Jeong Kim,et al.  Discrete differential error metric for surface simplification , 2002, 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002. Proceedings..

[8]  Ryutarou Ohbuchi,et al.  A Frequency‐Domain Approach to Watermarking 3D Shapes , 2002, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[9]  Adrian G. Bors,et al.  Watermarking 3D models , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[10]  Jiri Matas,et al.  Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions , 2004, Image Vis. Comput..

[11]  Nam Ik Cho,et al.  Watermarking for 3D NURBS graphic data , 2002, 2002 IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing..

[12]  Henri Maître,et al.  Application of spectral decomposition to compression and watermarking of 3D triangle mesh geometry , 2003, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[13]  Peng Qun-sheng,et al.  Watermarking on 3D mesh based on spherical wavelet transform , 2004 .

[14]  Soon-Young Park,et al.  Watermarking Technique for Authentication of 3-D Polygonal Meshes , 2004, IWDW.

[15]  Kai Ye,et al.  Watermarking 3D mesh by spherical parameterization , 2004, Comput. Graph..

[16]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Comparison of affine-invariant local detectors and descriptors , 2004, 2004 12th European Signal Processing Conference.

[17]  Tim Weyrich,et al.  Robust Watermarking of Point-Sampled Geometry , 2004 .

[18]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Wavelet-based blind watermarking of 3D models , 2004, MM&Sec '04.

[19]  Horst Bischof,et al.  A novel performance evaluation method of local detectors on non-planar scenes , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops.

[20]  Leif Kobbelt,et al.  Efficient spectral watermarking of large meshes with orthogonal basis functions , 2005, The Visual Computer.

[21]  Horst Bischof,et al.  3D Segmentation by Maximally Stable Volumes (MSVs) , 2006, 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06).

[22]  Xiaoqing Feng,et al.  A Robust Watermarking Based on Feature Points , 2007, Edutainment.

[23]  Toufik Taibi.  Design Pattern Formalization Techniques , 2007 .

[24]  Jihane Bennour,et al.  Toward a 3D watermarking benchmark , 2007, 2007 IEEE 9th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing.

[25]  Jihane Bennour.  Watermark recovery from 2D views of a 3D object using texture or silhouette information , 2007 .

[26]  Ezzeddine Zagrouba,et al.  A New Approach of Mesh Watermarking Based on Maximally Stable Meshes Detection , 2009, 2009 3rd International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security.

[27]  Ammar Bouallègue,et al.  Chase-Like Decoding of Arithmetic Codes with Applications , 2011, Int. J. Comput. Vis. Image Process..