Genomics, ICT and the formation of R&D networks

Research in genomics is an example of changes induced by information and communication technologies (ICT). The emergence of interconnected ICT support for scientific work and the handling of information have changed the challenges in genomics as well as other scientific fields. The promises are significant but a large degree of uncertainty remains. While the information space is opened up, R&D cooperation essential to reaping the benefits for companies is still difficult. Moreover, in order to benefit in full from the possibility to combine knowledge on a larger scale, knowledge repositories and places of knowledge creation need to be combined. This paper discusses the new strategies of information networking between companies that emerges in response to this challenge. It concludes with an outline of a research agenda for genomics and society.

[1]  V. Chiesa Separating research from development: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry , 1996 .

[2]  Massimo Riccaboni,et al.  Technological change and network dynamics: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry , 2001 .

[3]  Carine Staropoli Cooperation in R&D in the pharmaceutical industry — The network as an organizational innovation governing technological innovation , 1998 .

[4]  Loizos Heracleous,et al.  The urge to merge in the pharmaceutical industry , 2001 .

[5]  J. Tucker Gene wars. , 1984, Foreign policy.

[6]  Ann Thayer,et al.  E-BUSINESS for CHEMICALS: Companies begin exploring electronic opportunities , 2000 .

[7]  J. King,et al.  Hardwiring Weak Ties: Interorganizational Computer-Mediated Communication, Occupational Communities, and Organizational Change , 1995 .

[8]  F. Webster Theories of the Information Society , 2015 .

[9]  V A McKusick,et al.  Current trends in mapping human genes , 1991, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[10]  K. Haase,et al.  Automated discovery , 1988 .

[11]  Elizabeth Wilson CHEMISTS TURNED VISIONARIES: As computers become faster and have more power, chemists will use them to solve problems they are just beginning to imagin , 2000 .

[12]  Steve Woolgar,et al.  Virtual Society?: Technology, Cyberbole, Reality , 2002 .

[13]  Joel A. C. Baum,et al.  Don't go it alone: alliance network composition and startups' performance in Canadian biotechnology , 2000 .

[14]  Estelle Brodman,et al.  Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information Within the R&D Organization (Book Review) , 1978 .

[15]  Lars Håkanson,et al.  Internationalization of R&D -- a survey of some recent research , 1993 .

[16]  Anne Beaulieu From brainbank to database: the informational turn in the study of the brain , 2004 .

[17]  Arie Rip,et al.  The Rise of Membrane Technology , 1998 .

[18]  Rob Kling,et al.  Not just a matter of time: Field differences and the shaping of electronic media in supporting scientific communication , 1999, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[19]  I. Cockburn,et al.  Absorptive Capacity, Coauthoring Behavior, and the Organization of Research in Drug Discovery , 2003 .

[20]  R. Corey,et al.  Shaping Biomedicine as an Information Science Timothy 1 enoir , 2022 .

[21]  Robert D. Clark,et al.  Virtual Compound Libraries: A New Approach to Decision Making in Molecular Discovery Research , 1998, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci..

[22]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  Knowledge Networks: Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies , 2002 .

[23]  T. J. Buisseret,et al.  Management of collaborative research: collaboration and exploitation under the UK's information engineering advanced technology programme , 1994 .

[24]  M. Brewer,et al.  Collaboration Structure and Information Dilemmas in Biotechnology: Organizational Boundaries as Trust Production , 1994 .

[25]  Trudi Bellardo Hahn,et al.  History and Heritage of Science Information Systems , 1999 .

[26]  J. Overhage,et al.  Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences , 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[27]  Christopher H. Bryant,et al.  Functional genomic hypothesis generation and experimentation by a robot scientist , 2004, Nature.

[28]  G. Bowker,et al.  An International Framework to Promote Access to Data , 2004, Science.

[29]  Paul Wouters,et al.  Networks and databases: tools for the greater good? , 2003 .

[30]  R. Boutellier,et al.  Management of Dispersed Product Development Teams: The Role of Information Technologies , 1998 .

[31]  Juan Enriquez,et al.  Transforming Life, Transforming Business: The Life Science Revolution , 2000 .

[32]  J. H. Krieger Genomic Information, Web Technology Drive Chemical Software Development: Computational chemistry software developers seek to address needs in drug discovery, enable their products for web use , 1996 .

[33]  N. Morris Vial bodies: conflicting interests in the move to new institutional relationships in biological medicines research and regulation , 2000 .

[34]  E. Roberts,et al.  Privatization Processes and the Redefinition of Corporate R&D Boundaries , 2002 .

[35]  B. Kogut,et al.  INTERFIRM COOPERATION AND STARTUP INNOVATION IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY. , 1993 .

[36]  M. Castells Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture , 1996 .

[37]  Stefan H. Thomke,et al.  Asset accumulation, interdependence and technological change: evidence from pharmaceutical drug discovery , 2002 .

[38]  Carsten P. Krück Chapter 3. EUREKA: The Construction of International R&D Cooperation , 1995 .

[39]  Michael K. Buckland,et al.  Annual Review of Information Science and Technology , 2006, J. Documentation.

[40]  Rob Kling,et al.  Not Just a Matter of Time: Field Differences and the Shaping of Electronic Media , 1999 .

[41]  C. Freeman Networks of innovators: A synthesis of research issues , 1991 .

[42]  Martin Kenney,et al.  Schumpeterian innovation and entrepreneurs in capitalism: A case study of the U.S. biotechnology industry , 1986 .

[43]  Lily E. Kay,et al.  Who Wrote the Book of Life?: A History of the Genetic Code , 2000 .

[44]  Jeremy Howells,et al.  Mind the Gap: Information and Communication Technologies, Knowledge Activities and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry , 2002, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag..

[45]  D. Sim The Rise of the Network Society (The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Volume 1) , 1998 .

[46]  Ralph E. Hoffman,et al.  The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome , 1996 .

[47]  W. Powell,et al.  Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology. , 1996 .

[48]  B. Coriat,et al.  Organizations, firms and institutions in the generation of innovation , 2002 .

[49]  Joel B. Hagen,et al.  1The introduction of computers into systematic research in the United States during the 1960s , 2001 .

[50]  W. Powell Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries , 1998 .

[51]  M. Castells The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture , 1999 .

[52]  K Howard,et al.  The bioinformatics gold rush. , 2000, Scientific American.

[53]  B. Spilker,et al.  Science and Innovation: The US Pharmaceutical Industry During the 1980s , 1996 .

[54]  Basil Achilladelis,et al.  The dynamics of technological innovation : the case of the pharmaceutical industry , 2001 .

[55]  Léa Velho,et al.  Knowledge Frontiers: Public Sector Research and Industrial Innovation in Biotechnology, Engineering Ceramics, and Parallel Computing , 1995 .

[56]  Kathleen M. Carley,et al.  Network Structure in Virtual Organizations , 1999, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[57]  Georges Haour The global village of innovation and R&D management: an introduction to this single‐topic issue , 1998 .

[58]  M. Tushman Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process. , 1977 .

[59]  Robert Lewis Membership and Management of a ‘Virtual’ Team: The Perspectives of a Research Manager , 1998 .

[60]  Thayer Am Bioinformatics for the masses , 2000 .

[61]  Phillip B.C. Jones,et al.  The commercialization of bioinformatics , 2000 .

[62]  M. Castells The rise of the network society , 1996 .

[63]  Jieming Zhu,et al.  Automated Discovery in a Chemistry Laboratory , 1990, AAAI.

[64]  Morten T. Hansen,et al.  The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits , 1999 .

[65]  Henry G. Grabowski,et al.  Innovation and Structural Change in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology , 1994 .

[66]  Arie Rip,et al.  The Computer Revolution in Science: Steps Towards the Realization of Computer-Supported Discovery Environments , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[67]  John P. Walsh,et al.  Computer Networks and Scientific Work , 1996 .