CULTURALLY PATTERNED SPEAKING PRACTTCES - THE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATIVE GENRES'

In the last few years studies within the Sociology of Language and Communication2 as well as within Anthropological Linguistics3 have repeatedly addressed the issue of communicative genres. Various empirical investigations on genres demonstrated that this concept proves to be a useful analytical tool with respect to the description of communicative patterns in everyday interactions. On the basis of a broad review of this re5earch, the present article aims at outlining the sociological approach to genre analysis, pointing out some relevant analytical categories which allow for a structural description of genres and thereby demonstrate the significance of this research for the analysis of communicative contexts and cultural speaking practices. We shall argue that the analysis of communicative genres allows not only for the description and explanation of certain communicative activities in detail, but by establishing an essential analytic link between speaking activities in the ongoing interaction, the sociocultural context and the communicative budget (including communicative norms, expectations, ideologies etc.) of a particular culture, it also goes far beyond the task of classifying discursive activities: It mediates between situatively produced texts and larger sociocultural contexts.4 We shall demonstrate that the Sociology of Knowledge may provide a useful theoretical framework by linking detailed analyses of verbal activities with cultural speaking practices and communicative conve ntions.

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